Abstract
The paper focused on occurrence, characterization, and analytical methods of microplastic (MP) pollution in the lentic environment mainly for the Indian scenario. To understand the flow of MP from plastic waste, a material flow diagram was developed using STAN, assigning the transfer coefficients based on existing scientific literature and primary survey from local recycling facilities and industries. The quantity, morphology, and polymers of MP in the water and sediments of the lentic environment were compared for various states from 2011 to 2022. The reasons for the geographical heterogeneity in microplastics may be the migratory routes of MPs in the ecosystems like commercial uses and wastewater characteristics which possibly discharged in lentic system. Factors like particle density, water surface area, water surface depth, wind speed and direction, and water flow size mainly affect MP concentrations in the lentic water body, and mainly PHI and PLI are keys to MP risk analysis. The surface characteristics of MPs reveal that it absorbs many toxic contaminants including heavy metals. The impacts of MP on ecosystem and human health were also discussed. The impacts of socioeconomic conditions on MP concentrations for different states in India were also added. Proposed methods for plastic waste generation control also included which will help for developing policy in future to prevent MP pollution in lentic environments and also motivate future researchers to establish new standardized methods of MP analysis.
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Funding
This work was supported by WBDST (Sanction Order 1694/(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/6G-9/2019 dated 6.2.2020). Dr. Tumpa Hazra and Dr. Amit Shiuly have received research support from the Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, India.
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Sau, ., Hazra, T. & Shiuly, A. Microplastics in lentic environments: implications for Indian ecosystems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 114756–114778 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30604-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30604-7