Abstract
Evidences showed the link between allergy and depression, while the relationships of depression with allergy-related outcomes is insufficient. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the relationship of depression with allergy-related outcomes assessed using two different outcome indicators, in a population-based study. A cross-sectional study was performed of 1094 participants in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The self-reported allergic symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) status and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were used to evaluate the allergy-related outcomes. The depression disorder was defined as the ≥ 10 points on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to illustrate the associations of depression and allergy-related outcomes. The prevalence of AR and depression was 34.2% and 6.8%, respectively. The odds of depression were 8.6% higher in participants with AR patients compared those without AR [odds ratio (OR) = 1.739, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.034, 2.933)], while the odds of depression in participants with allergic sensitization and without allergic sensitization were not found significant difference. Allergy is positively associated with depression disorder, and patients with allergy-related outcomes, such as AR, may be at higher risk of depression, while the IgE level was not founded to be related with depression. In the treatment of AR patients with depression symptoms, early detection and management of mental problems are of importance.
Graphical Abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets used in the current study are available from the corresponding author (Minghui Wang, Email: wangmh0503@163.com) on reasonable reason.
References
Amarasekera M (2011) Immunoglobulin E in health and disease. Asia Pac Allergy 1:12–15. https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2011.1.1.12
Amritwar AU, Lowry CA, Brenner LA, Hoisington AJ, Hamilton R, Stiller JW, Postolache TT (2017) Mental health in allergic rhinitis: depression and suicidal behavior. Curr Treat Options Allergy 4:71–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-017-0110-z
Baurecht H, Welker C, Baumeister S-E, Weidnger S, Meisinger C, Leitzmann MF, Emmert H (2021) Relationship between atopic dermatitis, depression and anxiety: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Br J Dermatol 185:781–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.20092
Buckman JEJ, Underwood A, Clarke K, Saunders R, Hollon SD, Fearon P, Pilling S (2018) Risk factors for relapse and recurrence of depression in adults and how they operate: a four-phase systematic review and meta-synthesis. Clin Psychol Rev 64:13–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.005
Chun YH, Han K, Park Y-G, Yoon J-S, Kim HH, Kim JT, Jeong DC (2015) Examining impacts of allergic diseases on psychological problems and tobacco use in Korean adolescents: the 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE 10:e0125172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125172
Cuijpers P, Quero S, Dowrick C, Arroll B (2019) Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: recent developments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21:129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1117-x
Fu Z, Liu Q, Liang J, Weng Z, Li W, Xu J, Zhang X, Xu C, Huang T, Gu A (2022) Air pollution, genetic factors and the risk of depression. Sci Total Environ 850:158001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158001
Galli SJ, Tsai M (2012) IgE and mast cells in allergic disease. Nat Med 18:693–704. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2755
Greenberg PE, Fournier A-A, Sisitsky T, Pike CT, Kessler RC (2015) The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010). J Clin Psychiatry 76:155–162. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09298
Hammen C (2018) Risk factors for depression: an autobiographical review. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 14:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811
Hasin DS, Sarvet AL, Meyers JL, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Stohl M, Grant BF (2018) Epidemiology of adult DSM-5 major depressive disorder and its specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiat 75:336–346. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602
Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H (1999) Cross-sectional associations of asthma, hay fever, and other allergies with major depression and low-back pain among adults aged 20–39 years in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 150:1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009936
Katotomichelakis M, Riga M, Tripsianis G, Balatsouras D, Kourousis C, Danielides G, Giotakis E, Danielides V (2015) Predictors of quality of life improvement in allergic rhinitis patients after sublingual immunotherapy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 124:430–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489414565001
Kessler RC, Bromet EJ (2013) The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annu Rev Public Health 34:119–138. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409
Liu Q, He H, Yang J, Feng X, Zhao F, Lyu J (2020) Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. J Psychiatr Res 126:134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.002
Lu Z, Chen L, Xu S, Bao Q, Ma Y, Guo L, Zhang S, Huang X, Cao C, Ruan L (2018) Allergic disorders and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 large-scale studies. Ann. allergy, asthma Immunol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll Allergy Asthma Immunol 120:310-317.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.12.011
Lu Y, Zhou S, Fan C, Li J, Lian Y, Shang Y, Bi X (2022) Higher inflammation and cerebral white matter injury associated with cognitive deficit in asthmatic patients with depression. J. asthma Off. J Assoc Care Asthma 59:288–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2020.1853155
McCarron RM, Shapiro B, Rawles J, Luo J (2021) Depression. Ann Intern Med 174(5):ITC65–ITC80. https://doi.org/10.7326/AITC202105180
McHugh RK, Weiss RD (2019) Alcohol use disorder and depressive disorders. Alcohol Res 40(1). https://doi.org/10.35946/arcr.v40.1.01
Mou Y-K, Wang H-R, Zhang W-B, Zhang Y, Ren C, Song X-C (2021) Allergic rhinitis and depression: profile and proposal. Front Psychiatry 12:820497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.820497
Novak N, Bieber T (2003) Allergic and nonallergic forms of atopic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112:252–262. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.1595
Park LT, Zarate CAJ (2019) Depression in the primary care setting. N Engl J Med 380:559–568. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1712493
Postolache TT, Mortensen PB, Tonelli LH, Jiao X, Frangakis C, Soriano JJ, Qin P (2010) Seasonal spring peaks of suicide in victims with and without prior history of hospitalization for mood disorders. J Affect Disord 121:88–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.015
Postolache TT, Lapidus M, Sander ER, Langenberg P, Hamilton RG, Soriano JJ, McDonald JS, Furst N, Bai J, Scrandis DA, Cabassa JA, Stiller JW, Balis T, Guzman A, Togias A, Tonelli LH (2007) Changes in allergy symptoms and depression scores are positively correlated in patients with recurrent mood disorders exposed to seasonal peaks in aeroallergens. Sci World J 7:1968–1977. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.286
Rodrigues J, Franco-Pego F, Sousa-Pinto B, Bousquet J, Raemdonck K, Vaz R (2021) Anxiety and depression risk in patients with allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology 59:360–373. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin21.087
Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA (2016) Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 316:2214–2236. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324
Roxbury CR, Qiu M, Shargorodsky J, Woodard TD, Sindwani R, Lin SY (2019) Association between rhinitis and depression in United States adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 7:2013–2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.034
Sanna L, Stuart AL, Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Berk M, Maes M, O’Neil A, Girardi P, Williams LJ (2014) Atopic disorders and depression: findings from a large, population-based study. J Affect Disord 155:261–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.009
Shanahan L, Copeland WE, Worthman CM, Angold A, Costello EJ (2013) Children with both asthma and depression are at risk for heightened inflammation. J Pediatr 163:1443–1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.046
Shin J-H, Roh D, Lee D-H, Kim SW, Kim SW, Cho JH, Kim B-G, Kim B-Y (2018) Allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis synergistically compromise the mental health and health-related quality of life of Korean adults: a nationwide population-based survey. PLoS ONE 13:e0191115. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191115
Skoner DP (2001) Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108:S2-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.115569
Smith K (2014) Mental health: a world of depression. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/515180a
Spijker J, Graaf R, Bijl RV, Beekman ATF, Ormel J, Nolen WA (2004) Functional disability and depression in the general population. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Acta Psychiatr Scand 110:208–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00335.x
Tzeng N-S, Chang H-A, Chung C-H, Kao Y-C, Chang C-C, Yeh H-W, Chiang W-S, Chou Y-C, Chang S-Y, Chien W-C (2018) Increased risk of psychiatric disorders in allergic diseases: a nationwide, population-based, cohort study. Front Psychiatry 9:133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00133
Wang Y, Shi C, Yang Y, Zhang S, Li W, Huang N, Zhu R (2022) Anxiety and depression in allergic rhinitis patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan China. Asian Pacific. J. allergy Immunol. 40:210–216. https://doi.org/10.12932/AP-140820-0941
Wood BL, Brown ES, Lehman HK, Khan DA, Lee MJ, Miller BD (2018) The effects of caregiver depression on childhood asthma: Pathways and mechanisms. Ann. allergy, asthma Immunol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll Allergy, Asthma, Immunol 121:421–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.06.031
Yan T, Wang M, Yan K, Ding X, Niu D, Yang S, Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhu X, Tang S, Li J (2022) Associations of organophosphate metabolites with thyroid hormone and antibody levels: findings from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 29(52):79594–79604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21385-6
Yan T, Ding X, Xie T, Lan T, Niu D, Li J, Guo D, Wang M, Wang M (2023a) Physical activity (PA) influences the risk of depression associated with long working hours. J Affect Disord 321:227–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.043
Yan T, Song X, Ding X, Liu X, Lan T, Chen T, Wang Minghui, Wang Mengyang (2023b) Exposure to household dust, allergens, and endotoxin and allergy-related outcomes alternation in the general US population. Environ Res 226:115713
Acknowledgements
A special thanks to all of participants freely giving their time to make this and other possible studies. We also grateful to all those who helped us in our research.
Funding
The study was found by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7234402) and the Young Talent Program of Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment President's Fund (YZJJ2022105).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
T. Y., Minghui W., and Mengyang W. conceptualized and designed the study. T. Y. and Z. G. completed the statistical analyses. T. Y. and X. S. drafted the initial manuscript, reviewed, and revised the manuscript. X. D., D. N., J. L., Minghui W., and Mengyang W. reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
This study did not contain confidential data. This research project was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board (ERB).
Consent to participate
All NHANES participants provide written informed consent and are informed of their rights as research subjects, including their right to withdraw from the survey at any time.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yan, T., Song, X., Ding, X. et al. Associations of allergy-related outcomes with depression in the US adults. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 115373–115380 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30559-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30559-9