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Political competition and environment quality: a study of India

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Abstract

The focus of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to promote the use of renewable energy so that countries can achieve better environmental quality. However, the progression is plodding, and still, 80% of energy comes mainly from conventional sources in developing countries. The implementation of procedures depends on the political attitudes, political stability, and quality of institutions. India has a diverse political structure ranging from central government to state government to local governments. In the late ‘80 s, India witnessed a stiff rise in regional and national political parties, which leads more political competition. This paper tries to explain the possible relationship between political competition and CO2 emission in India. With the application of the time series non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model, this study tries to find the asymmetric relationship between political competition and CO2 emission. In our empirical model, we also include other important elements of environmental quality like innovation and fossil fuel consumption. Empirical results show that political competition is asymmetrically related to CO2 emissions in the long run. Fossil fuel consumption and innovation also have a significant relationship with emissions. Based on the results, a few policy recommendations have been discussed.

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Data will be available on request.

Notes

  1. In different periods of their research, Say and Yücel (2006), Ang (2008) and Fodha and Zaghdoud (2010) found a positive relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. However, Lise and Van Montfort (2007) and Ghosh (2009) found a long-term negative relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions.

  2. Financial sector initiatives should be supported to reduce CO2 emissions, according to Tamazian and Bhaskara Rao (2010) and Yuxiang and Chen (2011). Whereas, Zhang (2011) found that as a result of inept distribution of monetary reserve to ventures, financial development increases CO2 emissions.

  3. Perkins and Neumayer (2008) and Shahbaz et al. (2015) find the positive relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and CO2 emissions; however, Kim and Adilov (2012) claim a negative relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions.

  4. Lok Sabha is the first parliamentary chamber and represents the entire Indian population. Members elected by the universal adult suffrage are part of Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha elections are held every 5 years under the banner of general elections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics & Finance, BITS Pilani, K.K.Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India

    Yadawananda Neog

  2. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Manish Kumar Singh, Anup Kumar Yadava & Achal Kumar Gaur

  3. Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability, New Delhi, India

    Manish Kumar Singh

  4. University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Haryana, Uttarakhand, India

    Anup Kumar Yadava

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  1. Yadawananda Neog
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  2. Manish Kumar Singh
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  4. Achal Kumar Gaur
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Conceptualizing and estimation: Yadawananda Neog; literature: Manish Kumar Singh; writing: Anup Kumar Yadava; editing and conclusions: Achal Kumar Gaur.

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Correspondence to Yadawananda Neog.

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Neog, Y., Singh, M.K., Yadava, A.K. et al. Political competition and environment quality: a study of India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 110280–110297 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29831-9

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