Abstract
At present, studies on biochar transport have focused on biochar obtained by oxygen-limited pyrolysis, which may differ from conventional biochar produced by incineration in nature. This work investigated the transport and retention mechanisms of three types of oxygen-limited pyrolytic biochar and three types of traditional biochar in saturated porous media. The results showed that the specific surface area of the three oxygen-limited pyrolysis biochar (180–200 m2·g−1) was higher than that of the traditional biochar (50–60 m2·g−1). Therefore, the retention capacity of pyrolytic biochar is strong and the permeability is less than 0.1. The absolute value of the zeta potential of traditional biochar is greater than 30 mV, and the electrostatic repulsion generated is stronger, with a peak penetration rate of 0.16. Moreover, the zeta potential of biochar and traditional biochar is regulated by pH value and ionic strength. In acidic conditions or solutions with high ionic strength, the zeta potentials of the six types of biochar changed to about − 15 mV, and the second minimum value was less than 0, indicating that there was a tendency for sedimentation. This study provides a new perspective for assessing the transport and environmental risks of biochar in the environment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors do not have permission to shared.
References
Arif M, Kumar R, Kumar R et al (2018) Ambient black carbon, PM(2.5) and PM(10) at Patna: influence of anthropogenic emissions and brick kilns. Sci Total Environ 624:1387–1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.227
Cao G, Sun J, Chen M et al (2021) Co-transport of ball-milled biochar and Cd2+ in saturated porous media. J Hazard Mater 416:125725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125725
Cao G, Qiao J, Ai J et al (2022) Systematic research on the transport of ball-milled biochar in saturated porous media: effect of humic acid, ionic strength, and cation types. Nanomaterials (Basel) 12(6):988. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060988
Castan S, Sigmund G, Huffer T et al (2019) Biochar particle aggregation in soil pore water: the influence of ionic strength and interactions with pyrene. Environ Sci Process Impacts 21:1722–1728. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9em00277d
Chen M, Wang D, Yang F et al (2017) Transport and retention of biochar nanoparticles in a paddy soil under environmentally-relevant solution chemistry conditions. Environ Pollut 230:540–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.101
Chen Y, Li M, Li Y et al (2021) Hydroxyapatite modified sludge-based biochar for the adsorption of Cu(2+) and Cd(2+): adsorption behavior and mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 321:124413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124413
Chen X, Wu W, Han L et al (2022) Carbon stability and mobility of ball milled lignin- and cellulose-rich biochar colloids. Sci Total Environ 802:149759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149759
Chen Q, Ma C, Duan W et al (2020) Coupling adsorption and degradation in p-nitrophenol removal by biochars. J Clean Prod 271:122550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122550
Coppola AI, Wiedemeier DB, Galy V et al (2018) Global-scale evidence for the refractory nature of riverine black carbon. Nat Geosci 11:584–588. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0159-8
Gonzaga MIS, Mackowiak CL, Comerford NB et al (2017) Pyrolysis methods impact biosolids-derived biochar composition, maize growth and nutrition. Soil and Tillage Research 165:59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.07.009
Gui X, Song B, Chen M et al (2021) Soil colloids affect the aggregation and stability of biochar colloids. Sci Total Environ 771:145414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145414
Hu Z, Zhao J, Gao H et al (2017) Transport and deposition of carbon nanoparticles in saturated porous media. Energies 10(8):1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081151
Lehmann J (2007) A handful of carbon. Nature 143–144. https://doi.org/10.1038/447143a
Leng L, Huang H, Li H et al (2019) Biochar stability assessment methods: a review. Sci Total Environ 647:210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.402
Li H, Dong X, da Silva EB et al (2017) Mechanisms of metal sorption by biochars: biochar characteristics and modifications. Chemosphere 178:466–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.072
Lin M, Li F, Li X et al (2023) Biochar-clay, biochar-microorganism and biochar-enzyme composites for environmental remediation: a review. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01582-6
Liu G, Zheng H, Jiang Z et al (2018) Effects of biochar input on the properties of soil nanoparticles and dispersion/sedimentation of natural mineral nanoparticles in aqueous phase. Sci Total Environ 634:595–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.019
Lu L, Chen B (2020) Biochar-amendment-reduced cotransport of graphene oxide nanoparticles and dimethyl phthalate in saturated porous media. Sci Total Environ 705:135094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135094
Maass S, Huckelheim R, Rillig MC (2019) Collembola laterally move biochar particles. PLoS One 14:e0224179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224179
Major J, Lehmann J, Rondon M et al (2010) Fate of soil-applied black carbon: downward migration, leaching and soil respiration. Glob Change Biol 16:1366–1379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x
Ni N, Kong D, Wu W et al (2020) The role of biochar in reducing the bioavailability and migration of persistent organic pollutants in soil-plant systems: a review. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 104:157–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02779-8
Nicolaou E, Philippou K, Anastopoulos I et al (2019) Copper adsorption by magnetized pine-needle biochar. Processes 7(12):903. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120903
Oleszczuk P, Ćwikła-Bundyra W, Bogusz A et al (2016) Characterization of nanoparticles of biochars from different biomass. J Anal Appl Pyrol 121:165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.07.017
Rumpel C, Chaplot V, Planchon O et al (2006) Preferential erosion of black carbon on steep slopes with slash and burn agriculture. CATENA 65:30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.09.005
Slessarev EW, Lin Y, Bingham NL et al (2016) Water balance creates a threshold in soil pH at the global scale. Nature 540:567–569. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20139
Sorrenti G, Masiello CA, Dugan B et al (2016) Biochar physico-chemical properties as affected by environmental exposure. Sci Total Environ 563–564:237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.245
Tang W, Jing F, Laurent Z et al (2021) High-temperature and freeze-thaw aged biochar impacts on sulfonamide sorption and mobility in soil. Chemosphere 276:130106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130106
Wang D, Zhang W, Hao X et al (2013) Transport of biochar particles in saturated granular media: effects of pyrolysis temperature and particle size. Environ Sci Technol 47:821–828. https://doi.org/10.1021/es303794d
Wang Y, Zhang W, Shang J et al (2019) Chemical aging changed aggregation kinetics and transport of biochar colloids. Environ Sci Technol 53:8136–8146. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00583
Wang X, Dan Y, Diao Y et al (2022) Transport and retention of microplastics in saturated porous media with peanut shell biochar (PSB) and MgO-PSB amendment: co-effects of cations and humic acid. Environ Pollut 305:119307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119307
Wang F, Zhang X, Yue X et al (2020) Black carbon: the concentration and sources study at the Nam Co Lake, the Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2016. Atmosphere 11(6):624. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060624
Yang W, Shang J, Li B et al (2019) Surface and colloid properties of biochar and implications for transport in porous media. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 50:2484–2522. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1699381
Yang W, Feng T, Flury M et al (2020) Effect of sulfamethazine on surface characteristics of biochar colloids and its implications for transport in porous media. Environ Pollut 256:113482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113482
Zhang W, Niu J, Morales VL et al (2010) Transport and retention of biochar particles in porous media: effect of pH, ionic strength, and particle size. Ecohydrology 3:497–508. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.160
Zhao Z, Nie T, Zhou W (2019) Enhanced biochar stabilities and adsorption properties for tetracycline by synthesizing silica-composited biochar. Environ Pollut 254:113015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113015
Zhao K, Gao L, Zhang Q et al (2021) Accumulation of sulfamethazine and ciprofloxacin on grain surface decreases the transport of biochar colloids in saturated porous media. J Hazard Mater 417:125908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125908
Zhu L, Zhao N, Tong L et al (2018) Structural and adsorption characteristics of potassium carbonate activated biochar. RSC Adv 8:21012–21019. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03335h
Funding
This research work was financially supported by Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan High Level Talent Gathering Project (2020RC3051, 2021RC5006, and 2020RC5007), Key R & D projects in Hunan Province (2020SK2032, 2021SK2047, and 2020WK2016), Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center (2018TP2003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51974123), the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ2018&2022JJ10030), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (19C0903), Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization Science Foundation (19KFXM12), and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund (2021JJ40261).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Yuzhen Chen, Yan Tan, Lezhu Su, Binhai Wu, and Wangqi Zou. The performance test of the experimental samples was completed by Wenbin Gao, Aoxuan Li, and Zhan Hu. Experimental guidance and funding are provided by Zhi Zhou and Nan Zhou. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yuzhen Chen, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Informed consent
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Y., Tan, Y., Su, L. et al. Oxygen-limited pyrolysis and incineration impact on biochar transport. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 105247–105258 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29813-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29813-x