Abstract
Coolant oil from auto part manufacturing contains additives resulting in high chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater. In this study, COD treatment of coolant oil was investigated in a metal–organic framework (MOF) with MIL-88A by a modified air-Fenton (MAF) process by varying synthetic coolant oil concentrations (1–5%), pH (3–9), air-flow rate (1–2 L/min), amount of MIL-88A (0.2–1.0 g), and reaction time (30–180 min). The results were analyzed using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) using Minitab ver. 19. The characteristic MIL-88A was characterized by XRD that showed a spindle-like shape with 2θ at 10.2° and 13.0°. The FTIR spectrum revealed the vibrational frequencies at Fe–O (564 cm−1), C–O (1391 and 1600 cm−1), and C = O (1216 and 1710 cm−1). The optimum treatment efficiency was studied from 30 CCD conditions in the presence of coolant oil (5%, COD ~ 132,000 mg/L), pH (9), air flow rate (2 L/min), and MIL-88A (1 g) within 177 min. The results obtained from the experiment and the COD prediction were found to be 92.64% and 93.45%, respectively. The main mechanism of iron(III) in MIL-88A is proposed to be the production of hydroxyl radical (·OH) that oxidizes the organic matter in the coolant oil. Moreover, the MAF process was applied to the used industrial coolant oil and was found to be 62.59% efficient.
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Acknowledgements
The research project was supported by the Interdisciplinary Program in Environmental Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University. The laboratory activities were supported by the Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University.
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K. S. carried out the experiment and wrote the manuscript with input from all the authors. V. K. conceived of the presented idea and supervised the project. S. W. verified the analytical methods. All the authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Suwannasung, K., Kanokkantapong, V. & Wongkiew, S. Modified air-Fenton with MIL-88A for chemical oxygen demand treatment in used coolant oil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 105429–105439 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29685-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29685-1