Abstract
The present study focused on the temporal variability, meteorological influences, potential sources, and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols over two contrasting environments during 2011–2013. We have chosen Agartala (AGR) city in Northeast India as one of our sites representing the rural-continental environment and Patiala (PTA) as an urban site in Northwest India. The seasonal averaged equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentration in AGR ranges from 1.55 to 38.11 µg/m3 with an average value of 9.87 ± 8.17 µg/m3, whereas, at an urban location, PTA value ranges from 1.30 to 15.57 µg/m3 with an average value of 7.83 ± 3.51 µg/m3. The annual average eBC concentration over AGR was observed to be ~ 3 times higher than PTA. Two diurnal peaks (morning and evening) in eBC have been observed at both sites but were observed to be more prominent at AGR than at PTA. Spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been observed to be in the range from 0.33 ± 0.09 (post-monsoon) to 0.85 ± 0.22 (winter) at AGR and 0.47 ± 0.04 (pre-monsoon) to 0.74 ± 0.09 (post-monsoon) at PTA. The concentration of eBC and its diurnal and seasonal variation indicates the primary sources of eBC as local sources, synoptic meteorology, planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics, and distant transportation of aerosols. The wintertime higher values of eBC at AGR than at PTA are linked with the transportation of eBC from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Furthermore, it is evident that eBC aerosols are transported from local and regional sources, which is supported by concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis results.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Indian Space Research Organisation-Geosphere Biosphere program (ISRO-GBP) for supporting this work by funding the Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India (ARFI) project. The authors acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology (DST) for supporting the DST-FIST fund to the Department of Physics, Tripura University through the DST-FIST fund reference SR/FST/PSI353 191/2014. A special thanks to Mr. Tandule Chakradhar Rao, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, for his suggestions and support in plotting wind vector figures. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resource Laboratory (ARL) for providing the HYSPLIT and Trajstat model (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this study. The authors also acknowledge the ECMWF ERA5 for providing the PBL height data.
Funding
The present work is supported by the Indian Space Research Organisation-Geosphere Biosphere program (ISRO-GBP) by funding the Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India (ARFI) project (Grant no. SPL:1.01.19/22).
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Parminder Kaur is the first author. All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Parminder Kaur: material preparation, data collection, analysis, conceptualization, data curation, software, formal analysis, validation, methodology, investigation, and writing of original draft
Anirban Guha: supervision, conceptualization, resources, visualization, reviewing, editing, and funding acquisition
Pranab Dhar: data curation, result consultation, reviewing, and editing
Onam Bansal: data curation and result consultation
Darshan Singh: resources
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Kaur, P., Dhar, P., Bansal, O. et al. Temporal variability, meteorological influences, and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols over two contrasting environments Agartala and Patiala in India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 102687–102707 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29580-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29580-9