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Deep-sea mining: using hyperbaric conditions to study the impact of sediment plumes in the subtidal clam Spisula solida

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Abstract

With the growing interest to exploit mineral resources in the deep-sea, there is the need to establish guidelines and frameworks to support hazard and risk assessment schemes. The present study used a subtidal species of filter-feeding bivalve, the clam Spisula solida, as a proxy to better understand the impacts of sediment plumes in marine organisms under hyperbaric conditions. Four concentrations of suspended sediments (0 g/L, 1 g/L, 2 g/L, and 4 g/L) were used in a mixture with different grain sizes at 4 Bar for 96 h. Functional (filtration rate—FR) and biochemical endpoints (catalase—CAT, glutathione s-transferase—GST, and lipid peroxidation—LPO) were analyzed in the gonads, digestive gland, and gills of S. solida after a 96-h exposure at 4 Bar (the natural limit of the species vertical distribution). The FR showed a decreasing trend with the increasing sediment concentrations (significant effects at 2 and 4 g/L). Additionally, significant changes were observed for some of the tested oxidative stress biomarkers, which were concentration and tissue-dependent, i.e., CAT activity was significantly elevated in gills (1 g/L treatment), and GST was decreased in digestive gland (1 g/L treatment). Overall, the results show that suspended sediments, at 2 and 4 g/L, have negative functional impacts in the bivalve S. solida providing additional insights to improve hazard assessment of deep-sea mining. These findings represent a step forward to ensure the mitigation of the potential negative effects of deep-sea resource exploitation.

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Funding

Marlene Pinheiro acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the PhD Grant SFRH/BD/147834/2019. Teresa Neuparth acknowledges FCT under the program “Stimulus of Scientific Employment” (2022.02925.CEECIND). Irene Martins acknowledges FCT under the program “Stimulus of Scientific Employment” (2021.03721.CEECIND). This work was supported by the projects “HIPERSea–Collection and Life Support in a Hyperbaric system for Deep-Sea Organisms” with the reference [POCI-01–0247-FEDER-033889 (AAC/03/SI/2017)] financed by “Programa Operacional Competividade e Internacionalização” (POCI), COMPETE 2020, and Portugal 2020, and “DEEPRISK–Deep-sea mining and climate change: new modeling tools in support of environmental risk assessment” with the reference [PTDC/CTA-AMB/7948/2020] financed by FCT. Strategic funding from FCT to CIIMAR is also acknowledged (UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020).

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Author notes

  1. Rithielli Marassi and Marlene Pinheiro contributed equally for this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIMAR/CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal

    Rithielli Marassi, Marlene Pinheiro, Miguel Caetano, Joana Raimundo, Irene Martins, João Coimbra, Luis Filipe Costa Castro, Teresa Neuparth & Miguel Machado Santos

  2. FCUP–Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Marlene Pinheiro, Luis Filipe Costa Castro & Miguel Machado Santos

  3. IPMA–Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal

    Miguel Caetano, Joana Raimundo & Rui Oliveira

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  1. Rithielli Marassi
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Contributions

Rithielli Marassi and Marlene Pinheiro: conceptualization, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, preparation, and writing and revising draft. Irene Martins, João Coimbra, Miguel Caetano, Joana Raimundo, and Rui Oliveira: conceptualization and writing- and revising draft. Filipe Castro: conceptualization, writing and revising draft, and supervision. Teresa Neuparth: conceptualization, data curation, writing and revising draft, and supervision. Miguel Santos: conceptualization, data curation, preparation; writing and revising draft, supervision, funding, acquisition, and project administration.

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Correspondence to Miguel Machado Santos.

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Responsible Editor: Cinta Porte

This manuscript is part of Marlene Pinheiro’s PhD thesis.

We declare that the submitted manuscript entitled “Deep-sea mining: using hyperbaric conditions to study the impact of sediment plumes in the subtidal clam Spisula solida” is our original work. Results of this manuscript have not been submitted for publication elsewhere partial or in full. All authors agree with the submission.

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Marassi, R., Pinheiro, M., Caetano, M. et al. Deep-sea mining: using hyperbaric conditions to study the impact of sediment plumes in the subtidal clam Spisula solida. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 105675–105684 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29560-z

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