Abstract
Economic and social development, the state of the environment and a propensity for disasters are closely intertwined. Therefore, environmental policy integration (EPI) across development and disaster management (DM) policies and plans is important. Pakistan as a country is highly vulnerable to climate-induced environmental changes and associated disasters. In this paper, the extent to which its national environment and climate change policy, disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy as well as disaster management (DM) plans are aligned is established, based on a review of government documents and expert opinions. In this context, a particular emphasis is put on China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that led the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan (CPEC; 2017–2030). While environmental assessment (EA) is currently not conducted for any DM policies and plans, DM and EA are well integrated into provincial environmental protection acts, in national as well as most provincial DM plans. It is concluded that a regulatory framework to guide EPI in DM for BRI and CPEC projects is needed.
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This work was supported by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the UK (grant numbers PKCN-2019–455), through a Commonwealth Split-site Scholarship to PhD Scholar Abdul Waheed, the first author.
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Study conceptualization, research design—draft preparation and data collection were performed by Abdul Waheed. Review, editing, proofreading and supervision by Thomas Bernward Fischer and Muhammad Irfan Khan. Data analysis was performed by Sajida Kousar. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This research work is a part of the PhD thesis of the first author Abdul Waheed, and a Certificate of Institutional Review/Ethics for the PhD Research Topic “Strategic Environmental Assessment of China Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan (2030)” has been provided.
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Waheed, A., Fischer, T.B., Kousar, S. et al. Disaster management and environmental policy integration in Pakistan — an evaluation with particular reference to the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 105700–105731 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29310-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29310-1