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Evaluation of metal pollution related to human health risk in freshwater snail Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) as a potential bioindicator species in Lake Habitat (Turkey)

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Abstract

Freshwater mollusks are employed as bioindicators for the assessment of water quality in biomonitoring studies since the water quality of natural resources is crucial for humans. The freshwater snail species known as Viviparus contectus (Viviparidae: Gastropoda) is one that people eat. Here, the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Zn, and Cu) in water and V. contectus samples were determined. An Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES, Spectro Arcos, vertical plasma) was used for the analysing the heavy metal concentrations in water and freshwater snail samples. The results of the current investigation demonstrated that freshwater snails accumulated metals in their water and soft tissues in the following orders: Pb > Cr = Zn = Cu = Cd = As and Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As = Cr. Autumn was the time of year when higher amounts of heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Hg) were found. Pb content in the freshwater snail samples was strongly impacted by seasonal fluctuations (P 0.05). For adults, the EDI (estimated daily intake) values were lower than the TDI (tolerable daily intake) values, and the HI (hazard index) values were below 1. Freshwater snail samples had Zn and Pb levels that were over the FAO/WHO, Turkish Food Codex, JECFA, and EC limit values. Except for Pb, the water study shows mean metal concentrations below the USEPA, Turkish Pollution Control Regulation, and World Health Organisation maximum allowed levels. Aquatic ecosystems were negatively impacted by anthropogenic activities overall, and this study can provide a helpful data set for investigations on metallic contamination in water bodies and biomonitoring in freshwater ecosystems.

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Data availability

The data that support the fndings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Munzur University (Project number: YLMUB021-23) and summarized from Emsiye GÖKTÜRK AKSU’s master thesis.

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  1. Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey

    Filiz KUTLUYER KOCABAŞ & Emsiye GÖKTÜRK AKSU

  2. Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Mehmet KOCABAŞ

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Conceptualization, supervision and writing were performed by Filiz KUTLUYER KOCABAŞ, investigation were performed by Emsiye GÖKTÜRK AKSU, sampling and analysis were performed by Mehmet KOCABAŞ.

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Correspondence to Filiz KUTLUYER KOCABAŞ.

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KUTLUYER KOCABAŞ, F., GÖKTÜRK AKSU, E. & KOCABAŞ, M. Evaluation of metal pollution related to human health risk in freshwater snail Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) as a potential bioindicator species in Lake Habitat (Turkey). Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 93686–93696 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29062-y

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