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Ecological traits do not predict the uptake of microplastics by fishes in a Neotropical River

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Abstract

Pollution by synthetic polymers is even more problematic to the environment when this material is fragmented into small portions, forming microplastics (MPs). We analyzed the contamination of ichthyofauna by MPs in an important river of the Atlantic Rainforest in regard to abundance, diversity of morphotypes, polymers, colors, and sizes of the synthetic particles in 20 species of fish. Fish were collected in November 2019 and in March 2020 in five sites along the Pomba River. Of the 101 fish analyzed, 49 (49%) presented MPs in at least one organ. Of the 20 species of fish collected 13 included individuals with at least one MP in their analyzed organs. The organs, trophic categories and feeding areas did not affect the general abundance of MPs types. Blue MPs were predominant, followed by the colors black, red, and white. MP fibers represented 91% of total MPs. Most MPs were between 2 and 3 mm in size. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polyvinylidene chloride “Nylon” (PVDC), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were detected in the fishes. The exposure of the fish species to MPs was associated mainly with individual size and species-specific aspects, regardless of ecological traits. Considering that 55% of the fish species studied are consumed by humans, it is necessary to study the potential impact of MP ingestion on human health and to understand to what extent we may be consuming both plastic particles and contaminants that are adsorbed to MPs.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the staff members of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) for their help and assistance during the fieldwork.

Funding

The research project was financially supported and scientifically assisted by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (E-26/010.002616/2019). LLC is supported by FAPERJ (E-26/200.620/2022 and E-26/210.384/2022).

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Contributions

Igor David da Costa: conceptualization, validation, visualization, and writing. Leonardo Lopes Costa: visualization, review, and editing. César Augusto Marcelino Mendes Cordeiro: review and editing. Ilana Rosental Zalmon: resources, review, and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Igor David da Costa.

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This research study was conducted according to the Ethic Committee on Animal Use of the Federal University Fluminense (protocol code CEUA no. 4852250821 on January 2019).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Thomas Hein

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da Costa, I.D., Costa, L.L., Cordeiro, C.A.M.M. et al. Ecological traits do not predict the uptake of microplastics by fishes in a Neotropical River. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 94850–94864 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29013-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29013-7

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