Abstract
Mine tailings contain finer particles, crushed rocks, dugout-soil, water, and organic and inorganic metals or metalloids, including heavy metals and radionuclides, which are dumped as waste or non-economic by-products generated during mining and mineral processing. These abundant and untreated materials seriously threaten the environment, human health, and biodiversity because of the presence of heavy metals, radionuclides, and associated primary and secondary toxic components, including the risk of tailings dam failures. Biocementation technology, which involves the use of mining microbes to secrete cement-like materials that bind soil particles together, is a promising approach to restore mine tailing sites and reduce their mobility and toxicity. However, there is a lack of literature on the combined interactions among mining microbes, tailings residues, biocementation, and low-carbon cement (LCC) prospects. This comprehensive review article explores the prospects of mining microbes for mine tailings restoration using biocementation technology, the key influencing factors and their impact, mechanisms and metabolic pathways, and the effectiveness of biocementation technology in restoring mine tailings sites. In addition, it reviews the utilization of mine tailings materials as an alternative source of cement or construction materials for LCC technology. Furthermore, this review highlights the important issues, challenges, limitations, and applications of biocementation technology for mine tailings rehabilitation. Finally, it provides insights for future research and implementation of biocementation for mine tailings restoration and utilization of tailing materials in the industrial sector to reduce carbon emissions/footprints and achieve net-zero goals.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support provided by Scholarship School BD (SSBD) and Md Nazmul Hasan, Admin of SSBD, for arranging and conducting this research campaign (Research Camp-1).
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All the authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Mahabub MS conceptualized the article, performed all analyses, and prepared the original draft of this manuscript. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Mahabub MS and assisted by Alahi F. Imran MA provided guidelines for key concepts, data validations, and visualizations, including supervision of this research. All the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript, and Mahabub MS performed all the necessary editing, and Imran MA reviewed the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Mahabub, M.S., Alahi, F. & Al Imran, M. Unlocking the potential of microbes: biocementation technology for mine tailings restoration — a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 91676–91709 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28937-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28937-4