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Tire wear particles in different water environments: occurrence, behavior, and biological effects—a review and perspectives

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Abstract

As an important source of microplastics, the water ecological risk of tire wear particles (TWPs) has attracted widespread attention worldwide. However, the occurrence and behavior of TWPs and their biological effects in water environments have not been clearly analyzed. For example, most contemporary studies have focused on the evaluation of the aquatic toxicity of TWPs leachate, and little attention has been paid to the behavior process and potential risks of its surface properties in water environments. In addition, most studies rely on preparing TWPs under laboratory conditions or purchasing commercial TWPs for studying their water environmental behavior or exposure. These obviously cannot meet the requirements of accurate assessment of water ecological risks of TWPs. As thus, in addition to describing the occurrence, distribution, and (aging) transformation of TWPs in different water environments, we further tried to explain the potential water environment behavior process and multiple pathways leading to potential adverse impacts of TWPs on aquatic organisms from the perspectives of particle self-toxicity and release toxicity, as well as synergistic effects of TWPs and other substances are also discussed. The existing data, such as studies on the self-characteristics of TWPs, environmental factors, and subjects, are insufficient to comprehensively evaluate the recent changes in essential water ecosystem services and multifunctions caused by TWPs, implying that the impact of TWPs on water environmental health needs to be further evaluated, and the corresponding countermeasures should be recommended. In this context, the current review provides an outlook on future research on TWPs in aquatic environments.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their valuable and constructive comments.

Funding

This project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20210654), the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST (2021r049), and the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science & Technology Development Foundation (STGEF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Kun Li, Chi Liu & Wanqi Hao

  2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, China

    Kun Li, Chi Liu & Wanqi Hao

  3. Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Han Su & Xiaojia Xiu

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  1. Kun Li
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  3. Xiaojia Xiu
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  4. Chi Liu
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Kun Li contributed to the conception of the study and approved the final version of the paper for publication. Han Su completed writing and revision. Xiaojia Xiu collected literature and data. Chi Liu collected literature and data. Wanqi Hao collected literature and data.

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Li, ., Su, H., Xiu, X. et al. Tire wear particles in different water environments: occurrence, behavior, and biological effects—a review and perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 90574–90594 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28899-7

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