Abstract
This review investigates the impact of salinity on the fate of the active compounds of pesticides in a cultivated environment. Due to the over-exploitation of water resources and intensification of agriculture, salinity outbreaks are being observed more often in cultivated fields under pesticide treatments. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of the incidence of varying water salt loads on the behavior of pesticides’ active ingredients in soil and water bodies. The present review established that water salinity can affect the diffusion of pesticides’ active ingredients through numerous processes. Firstly, by increasing the vapor pressure and decreasing the solubility of the compounds, which is known as the salting-out effect, salinity can change the colligative properties of water towards molecules and the modification of exchange capacity and sorption onto the chemicals. It has also been established that the osmotic stress induced by salinity could inhibit the biodegradation process by reducing the activity of sensitive microorganisms. Moreover, soil properties like dissolved organic matter, organic carbon, clay content, and soil texture control the fate and availability of chemicals in different processes of persistence in water and soil matrix. In the same line, salinity promotes the formation of different complexes, such as between humic acid and the studied active compounds. Furthermore, salinity can modify the water flux due to soil clogging because of the coagulation and dispersion of clay particle cycles, especially when the change in salinity ranges is severe.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA ALTOS) project, which funded the whole thesis, the European Union Erasmus+ Programs for the scholarship provided, the Laboratoire d’étude des interactions entre Sol-Agrosystème-Hydrosystème (LISAH) in Montpellier for our reception in their institution, and the contaminants team presented by Anatja Samouelian for their collaboration. This work was also motivated by the chance provided on behalf of the French Pesticides Group (GFP_2022) to participate in their annual congress.
Funding
This work was supported by Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA ALTOS) project, and the European Union Erasmus+ program.
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All authors contributed to the establishment of this study. Data collection was performed by Mariem Khouni, whereas data analysis was performed by Mariem khouni, Claude Hammecker, Olivier Grunberger and Hanène Chaabane. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mariem Khouni, and all authors commented and corrected previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Khouni, M., Hammecker, C., Grunberger, O. et al. Effect of salinity on the fate of pesticides in irrigated systems: a first overview. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 90471–90488 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28860-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28860-8