Abstract
For nearly two years, a persistent foam cover has been observed during the post-monsoon season in the Yamuna River beneath the barrage near Okhla in Delhi, India. This affair has been a matter of public concern now, after the gigantic appearance of foam in November 2021, as the visibility of foam has awakened people’s environmental ‘conscience’ over the ‘concealed’ chemical pollution. The mechanisms of agents responsible for foaming in rivers, particularly surfactants and phosphates, have received wide attention in the dynamic community of river pollution. Many studies in the past, around the globe, have evidently provided different rationales behind the dense foam formation in rivers, yet the Concerned Govt. Authorities have highlighted the cause of foam formation in the river Yamuna is associated with the presence of detergents and phosphates as foaming agents. Despite this, an aperture with copious unaccounted factors or underlying agents still exists to rationalize the foam formation and persistence. In this article, we outline these unaccounted factors which might be responsible for the foam formation and stabilization and give indications for future research directives towards the emergence of studies regarding the dense foam formation in river Yamuna.
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(Source: WRIS); (b) Sampling locations of River Yamuna by DPCC. The base image is provided by ESRI and projection and river highlights are done using ArcGIS; (c) Location of Okhla Barrage. The base image is provided by Google maps
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Data Availability
All the data used in the present study is freely available in the public domain and citations have been provided in the manuscript, however, we will provide data to all the interested scientists.
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Sejwal, G., Singh, S.K. Perspective: The unexplored dimensions behind the foam formation in River Yamuna, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 90458–90470 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28857-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28857-3