Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the efficiency of two processes for the amoxicillin removal through static (batch) adsorption and photocatalytic degradation onto the prepared samples. Three solid materials as photocatalyst and/or adsorbent were synthesized viz. nanotitanium dioxide (NT) prepared by the sol–gel method, scallop shells-based nanohydroxyapatite (NP), and nanotitanium dioxide/nanohydroxyapatite composite (NTP). The physicochemical and morphological properties of the prepared samples were tested by TGA, XRD, DRS, ATR-FTIR, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, zeta potential, SEM, and TEM. The major operational conditions were optimized for catalyst or adsorbent mass, pH, shaking time, initial amoxicillin (AMX) concentration, power of UV lamp, and temperature. The results illuminated that NTP achieved the highest adsorption capacity (88.46 mg/g) at 20 ℃ and AMX adsorption onto all the solid materials was well applied by Langmuir, Temkin, pseudo-second order, and Elovich models. The maximum desorption percent (98%) was attained by acetone. The degradation percent of AMX reached 85.3 and 99.5% for NT and NTP, respectively, using 0.9 g/L of catalyst dosage through 90 min. AMX photodegradation onto the catalysts’ surface was well fitted by Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Arrhenius, and Eyring–Polanyi models with endothermic, physical, and nonspontaneous nature of photocatalysis process. NTP acts as a promising adsorbent and photocatalyst for the antibiotics’ removal in wastewater.
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All authors acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Sultanate of Oman, for financial support. All author also acknowledges the University of Technology and Applied Sciences for supporting the present work.
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This study was funded by Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation of Sultanate of Oman (BFP/RGP/EBR/21/422).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, and analysis were performed by Laila M. Alshandoudi, Asaad F. Hassan, Amal Y. Al Subhi, and Sulaiman A. Al-Isaee. Data collection was performed by Walaa A. Shaltout, and Laila M. Alshandoudi.
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Alshandoudi, L.M., Al Subhi, A.Y., Al-Isaee, S.A. et al. Static adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using titanium dioxide/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles based on sea scallop shells. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 88704–88723 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28530-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28530-9