Abstract
Although energy is a necessary component of production and hence a contaminant, the environmental effect varies depending on the type of energy used. Renewable sources of energy can provide ecological advantages, particularly when contrasted with fossil fuels, which emit high levels of CO2 emissions. Thus, the research explores the impact of eco-innovation (ECO), green energy (REC), and globalization (GLOB) on the ecological footprint (ECF) in the BRICS nations using the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (PNARDL) technique between 1990 and 2018. The empirical results indicate that there is cointegration in the model. The results from the PNARDL show that a positive shift in renewable energy, eco-innovation, and globalization decreases the ecological footprint, while positive (negative) shifts in non-renewable energy and economic growth intensify the ecological footprint. The paper suggests several policy recommendations based on these results.
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Data availability
Data are readily available at request from the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- AMG:
-
Augmented mean group
- ARDL:
-
Autoregressive distributed lag
- BRICS:
-
Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa
- CCEMG:
-
Common correlated error mean group
- CO2 :
-
Carbon emissions
- GDP:
-
Economic growth
- GLOB:
-
Globalization
- ECO:
-
Eco-innovation
- NARDL:
-
Nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag
- REC:
-
Renewable energy
- SDGs:
-
Sustainable development goals
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Ojekemi, O.S., Ağa, M. In the era of globalization, can renewable energy and eco-innovation be viable for environmental sustainability in BRICS economies?. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 85249–85262 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28299-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28299-x