Abstract
The work proposes the application of a nanocomposite formed by graphene oxide and magnetite to remove chloroquine, propranolol, and metformin from water. Tests related to adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms and adsorbent reuse were studied, and optimization parameters related to the initial pH of the solution and the adsorbent dosage were defined. For all pharmaceuticals, adsorption tests indicated that removal efficiency was independent of initial pH at adsorbent dosages of 0.4 g L-1 for chloroquine, 1.2 g L-1 for propranolol, and 1.6 g L-1 for metformin. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within the first few minutes, and the pseudo-second-order model represented the experimental data well. While the equilibrium data fit the Sips isotherm model at 298 K, the predicted maximum adsorption capacities for chloroquine, propranolol, and metformin were 44.01, 16.82, and 12.23 mg g-1, respectively. The magnetic nanocomposite can be reused for three consecutive cycles of adsorption-desorption for all pharmaceuticals, being a promising alternative for the removal of different classes of pharmaceuticals in water.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This study has been developed with the financial support of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Grant/Award Number: 312128/2018–5; the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Grant/Award Number: 88882–379808/2019-01.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The conceptualization, methodology, and writing were performed by Bruna Figueiredo do Nascimento and Caroline Maria Bezerra de Araújo. Luiz Felipe Oliveira Silva and Diana del Carmen Pinto Osorio by resources and funding acquisition. Jorge Vinícius Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti by conceptualization, supervision, and resources. Guilherme Luiz Dotto by writing, editing, and supervision and Maurício Alves da Motta Sobrinho by conceptualization, supervision, and funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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do Nascimento, B.F., de Araújo, C.M.B., del Carmen Pinto Osorio, D. et al. Adsorption of chloroquine, propranolol, and metformin in aqueous solutions using magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 85344–85358 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28242-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28242-0