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The genus Artemia, the nanoplastics, the microplastics, and their toxic effects: a review

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Abstract

Plastic pollution is a threat to the marine environment, the destination of mismanaged plastic. Due to reduced size, microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) can interact with a wide range of organisms. Non-selective filter feeder zooplanktonic microcrustaceans are potential targets for MNP accumulation. Zooplankton is a key group for the food web, linking primary producers to secondary consumers. The genus Artemia has been widely used to investigate the effects of plastic particles on the biota. The present work critically reviewed the ecotoxicological studies about plastic particles and Artemia, pointing out methodological aspects and effects caused by MNPs, highlighting their importance and limitations, and suggesting directions for future research. We analyzed twenty-one parameters into four categories: characteristics of plastic particles, general particularities of brine shrimp, methodologies of the cultures, and toxicological parameters. The principal gaps in the area are the lack of methodological standardization regarding the physicochemical parameters of the particles, the biology of the animals, and culture conditions. Even though few studies performed realistic exposure scenarios, results indicate MNPs as potential harmful contaminants to microcrustaceans. The main effects reported were particle ingestion and accumulation followed by reduced brine shrimp survival/mobility. The present review poses Artemia as suitable animals for investigations concerning the risks of MNP exposure at the individual level and to the ecosystems, although protocol standardization is still needed.

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Acknowledgements

Catarina Serrão is a recipient of a master fellowship from CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). The authors thank to our colleagues Bianca Mataribu Maciel Lima, Dr. Davi Felipe Farias, and Dr. Augusto Cezar Vasconcelos de Freitas Junior for the discussions and suggestions that helped improve the paper. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments. The title of the manuscript is a tribute to the British filmmaker Peter Greenaway.

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This work was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; grant number 428594/2018–2).

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  1. Laboratório de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento (LABID), Departamento de Biologia Molecular (DBM), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB, Campus I), Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil

    Catarina Serrão & Luis Fernando Marques-Santos

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    Catarina Serrão & Luis Fernando Marques-Santos

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Serrão, C., Marques-Santos, L.F. The genus Artemia, the nanoplastics, the microplastics, and their toxic effects: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 83025–83050 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27868-4

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