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Chronostratigraphy elucidates environmental changes in lacustrine sedimentation rates and metal accumulation

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Abstract

All changes taking place in a watershed have repercussions on lacustrine environments, being these, the sink of all activities occurring in the basin. Lake Titicaca, the world’s highest and navigable lake, is not unfamiliar with these phenomena that can alter the sedimentation dynamics and metal accumulation. This study aimed to identify temporal trends of sedimentation rates by employing a geochronological analysis (210Pb, 137Cs) and to propose metal background values in Puno Bay, as well as to identify metal concentrations (As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the projected timeline to propose, for the first time, background values in Puno Bay. Two sediment cores were collected from the outer and inner bays. Sediment rate (SR) was calculated through the excess of 210Pb (210Pbxs) applying the Constant Flux Constant Sedimentation (CFCS) model. Results show that SR in the outer bay was 0.48 ± 0.08 cm a−1 and for the inner bay was 0.64 ± 0.07 cm a−1. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) did not indicate toxicity was likely to occur, except for As. However, enrichment factors (EFs) indicated that all metal accumulation is geogenic. Climatic factors had a marked influence on sedimentation rates for the outer bay, and in the case of the inner bay, it was a sum of climatic and human-based factors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Programa de Estudantes-Convênio de Pós-Graduação (PEC-PG), CAPES/CNPq—Brasil (process 190216/2017-4), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (process 2016/24528-2, 2019/10845-4, 2020/11759-1, and 2021/10637-2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Science and Technology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil

    Ivan Edward Biamont-Rojas

  2. Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil

    Sheila Cardoso-Silva, Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira & Rubens Figueira

  3. Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of the Altiplano (UNAP), Av. Floral N° 1153, 21000, Puno, Peru

    René Alfaro-Tapia

  4. Ecology Department, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil

    Marcelo Pompêo

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  1. Ivan Edward Biamont-Rojas
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Ivan B-R performed conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, software, data curation, and writing—original draft. Sheila C-S performed data curation, investigation, validation, and writing—review and editing. Paulo F performed data curation, validation, and writing—review and editing. Rene A-T performed data curation. Rubens F performed data curation. Marcelo P was involved in formal analysis, investigation, writing (review and editing), supervision, and funding acquisition. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.

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Biamont-Rojas, I.E., Cardoso-Silva, S., Alves de Lima Ferreira, P. et al. Chronostratigraphy elucidates environmental changes in lacustrine sedimentation rates and metal accumulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 72430–72445 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27521-0

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