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Peroxymonosulfate activation with an α-MnO2/Mn2O3/Mn3O4 hybrid system: parametric optimization and oxidative degradation of organic dye

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Abstract

The present study proposed the synthesis of low-toxicity and eco-friendly spherically shaped manganese oxides (α-MnO2, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4) by using the chemical precipitation method. The unique variable oxidation states and different structural diversity of manganese-based materials have a strong effect on fast electron transfer reactions. XRD, SEM, and BET analyses were used to confirm the structure morphology, higher surface area, and excellent porosity. The catalytic activity of as-prepared manganese oxides (MnOx) was investigated for the rhodamine B (RhB) organic pollutant with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation under the condition of control pH. In acidic conditions (pH = 3), complete RhB degradation and 90% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction were attained in 60 min. The effects of operating parameters such as solution pH, PMS loading, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration on RhB removal reduction were also tested. The different oxidation states of MnOx promote the oxidative–reductive reaction under acidic conditions and enhance the SO4•−/•OH radical formation during the treatment, whereas the higher surface area offers sufficient absorption sites for interaction of the catalyst with pollutants. A scavenger experiment was used to investigate the generation of more reactive species that participate in dye degradation. The effect of inorganic anions on divalent metal ions that genuinely occur in water bodies was also studied. Additionally, separation and mass analysis were used to investigate the RhB dye degradation mechanism at optimum conditions based on the intermediate’s identification. Repeatability tests confirmed that MnOx showed superb catalytic performance on its removal trend.

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All data analyzed and/or generated during the present research are accessible from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan, National Taiwan University, Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, and Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, for providing financial care.

Funding

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan, National Taiwan University (project nos. NTUCCP-110L901003, NTU-110L8807), Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (project no. MOST110-2621-M-002-011), and Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India

    Seema Singh & Ajay Singh

  2. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Seema Singh & Shang-Lien Lo

  3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, 324010, India

    Ritesh Patidar

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    Vimal Chandra Srivastava

  5. School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nantong College of Science and Technology, Nantong City, Jiangsu, 226007, People’s Republic of China

    Qicheng Qiao

  6. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Praveen Kumar

  7. Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Shang-Lien Lo

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  1. Seema Singh
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Contributions

Material synthesis, data collection, and analysis were performed by Seema Singh (SS), Ritesh Patidar (RP), Praveen Kumar (PK), and Qicheng Qiao (QQ). SS and RP wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and the succeeding versions of the manuscript were read by all authors. All authors has been read and approved the final manuscript.

Conceptualization: Shang-Lien Lo (S-L Lo) and Vimal Chandra Srivastava (VCS); Methodology: S-L Lo, VCS, Ajay Singh (AS), RP, SS, and PK.

Formal analysis and study: SS, RP, PK, and QQ.

Writing — original draft preparation: SS, QQ, and RP. Writing—review and editing: SS, and RP. Funding acquisition: S-L Lo; supervision: S-L Lo and VCS.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shang-Lien Lo.

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Singh, S., Patidar, R., Srivastava, V.C. et al. Peroxymonosulfate activation with an α-MnO2/Mn2O3/Mn3O4 hybrid system: parametric optimization and oxidative degradation of organic dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 76660–76674 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27422-2

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