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Physiological effects of some engineered nanomaterials on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) intercropped with pea (Pisum sativum L.)

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Abstract

Intercropping leguminous plant species with non-legume crops could be an effective strategy to maintain soil fertility. Additionally, the application of nano-Zn and Fe in trace amounts can substantially improve the bioavailable fraction of Zn and Fe. We studied the effect of foliar application of some nanomaterials on the agronomic, physio-biochemical attributes under a radish/pea intercropping system. The radish and pea were sprayed with different nanomaterials (Zn–Fe nanocomposite, nZnO, and nanobiochar) at 0 and 50 mg L-1 concentrations. Results indicated that the growth parameters of radish were higher in intercropping than in monocropping, while pea growth was inhibited in intercropping compared with monocropping. The shoot and root length, fresh weight, and dry matter of radish were increased by 28–50%, 60–70%, and 50–56% by intercropping than monocropping. Foliar spray of nano-materials further increased the growth traits of intercropped radish, such as shoot and root length, fresh weight, and dry matter, by 7–8%, 27–41%, and 50–60%, respectively. Similarly, pigments such as chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids and the concentration of free amino acids, soluble sugars, flavonoids, and phenolics were differentially affected by intercropping and nanomaterials. The yield of the non-legume crop was increased by intercropping, whereas the legume crop exhibited significant growth inhibition due to competitive interactions. In conclusion, both intercropping and foliar spray of nanomaterials could be used as a combined approach to benefit plant growth and enhance the bioavailable Fe and Zn fractions of both crops.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from the management of the University of Lahore for the resources and technical support to execute the experiments.

Funding

Financial support from NAVTTC through the Agricultural Farm Manager training course is highly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Mehr-un-Nisa, Fahad Shafiq, Sumera Anwar & Muhammad Ashraf

  2. Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Arslan Mahmood

  3. Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Iqbal

  4. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Kaleem Ullah

  5. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zulqarnain & Imtiaz Haider

  6. College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Lixin Zhang

  7. Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Fahad Shafiq

  8. Department of Botany, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Sumera Anwar

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  1. Mehr-un-Nisa
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Correspondence to Sumera Anwar.

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Mehr-un-Nisa, Shafiq, F., Anwar, S. et al. Physiological effects of some engineered nanomaterials on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) intercropped with pea (Pisum sativum L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 78353–78366 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27400-8

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