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New insight into the toxic effects of lithium in the ragworm Perinereis cultrifera as revealed by lipidomic biomarkers, redox status, and histopathological features

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Abstract

Lithium (Li) is a toxic monovalent alkaline metal used in household items common to industrial applications. The present work was aimed at investigating the potential toxic effects of LiCl on the redox status, fatty acid composition, and histological aspects of the marine ragworm Perinereis cultrifera. Sea worms were exposed to LiCl graded doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/L) for 48 h. Compared with the control group, the saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased while monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased upon exposure to LiCl. The increase in PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6 was concomitant to an increase in docosahexaenoic (DHA: C22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA: C20:5n-3), and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6) fatty acids. Results showed that LiCl-treated specimens accumulate lithium with increasing exposure gradient. Indeed, the exposure to LiCl doses promoted oxidative stress with an increase of the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), and protein carbonyl (PCO) as well as the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (non-protein thiols (NPSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and metallothionein (MT)) levels in all treated groups. Our biochemical findings have been affirmed by the histopathological observations showing hyperplasia and loss of the intestine structure in treated specimens. Overall, our findings give new insights on the toxic effect of LiCl on the redox status of P. cultrifera body tissue and highlighted the usefulness of the FA composition as an early sensitive bioindicators to better understand LiCl mechanism of toxicity in marine polychaetes.

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Data and materials are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Mr. Hassen Mejri, technician of the Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, for his assistance with gas chromatography analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Tunis Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Feriel Ghribi, Safa Bejaoui, Wafa Trabelsi, Imene Chetoui & Nejla Soudani

  2. High Institute of Aquaculture and Fishing of Bizerte, BP15, 7080, Menzel Jemil, Tunisia

    Safa Bejaoui

  3. Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy

    Rosa Zupa & Aldo Corriero

  4. Station de Recherche Sous-marines et océanographiques (STARESO), Calvi, France

    Michel Marengo

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  1. Feriel Ghribi
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Contributions

F.G: investigation, conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing original draft, writing, review, and editing. S.B: investigation, conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and editing. R.Z: investigation, methodology, and formal analysis. W.T: investigation and formal analysis. M.M: formal analysis and software. I.C: investigation. A.C: supervision, resources, reviewing, and editing. N.S: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, reviewing, and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Feriel Ghribi.

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Ghribi, F., Bejaoui, S., Zupa, R. et al. New insight into the toxic effects of lithium in the ragworm Perinereis cultrifera as revealed by lipidomic biomarkers, redox status, and histopathological features. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 68821–68835 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27223-7

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