Abstract
In this study, ZnS nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of zeolite NaA and embedded in a carbon aerogel to prepare C@zeolite-ZnS, where zeolite NaA was used in order to adsorb Zn2+ ions released during ion exchange, and the carbon aerogel had good dispersion as a carrier for ZnS to solve the ZnS agglomeration problem. The morphology and structure of C@zeolite-ZnS were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, BET, and XPS. C@zeolite-ZnS showed excellent selectivity and high removal rate for Hg(II) ions with a maximum adsorption capacity of 795.83 mg/g. When the pH, adsorption time, and Hg(II) ion concentration were 6, 30 min, and 25 mg/L at 298 K, the corresponding adsorption and removal rates reached 99.90% and 124.88 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic studies have shown that the adsorption process is a spontaneous heat absorption process. Furthermore, after up to 10 cycles of adsorption, the adsorbent still exhibited outstanding stability and high adsorption capacity with removal rates exceeding 99%. In conclusion, C@zeolite-ZnS, which is stable and reusable and has the ability to meet industrial emission standards after adsorption of Hg(II) ions, is very promising for industrial applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data will be made available on request.
References
Ang EH, Zeng J, Subramanian GS, Chellappan V, Sudhaharan T, Padmanabhan P, Tamil Selvan S (2020) Silica-coated Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals for cancer theranostics. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 3:3088–3096. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c00598
Askari F, Rahdar A, Dashti MF, Trant J (2020) Detecting mercury (II) and thiocyanate using “turn-on” fluorescence of graphene quantum dots. J Fluoresc 30:1181–1187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-020-02586-z
Bakalár T, Pavolová H, Kyšeľa K, Hajduová Z (2022) Characterization of Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption onto zeolite. Crystals 12:908. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070908
Chai Y, Dai W, Wu G, Guan N, Li L (2021) Confinement in a zeolite and zeolite catalysis. Acc Chem Res 54:2894–2904. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00274
Czuprynski P, Plotka M, Glamowski P, Zukowski W, Bajda T (2022) An assessment of an ion exchange resin system for the removal and recovery of Ni, Hg, and Cr from wet flue gas desulphurization wastewater-a pilot study. RSC Adv 12:5145–5156. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra09426b
Deng X, Sorescu DC, Lee J (2017) Single-layer ZnS supported on Au(111): a combined XPS, LEED, STM and DFT study. Surf. Sci. 658:9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2016.12.003
Fu Y, Sun Y, Zheng YT, Jiang JW, Yang CY, Wang JW, Hu JS (2021) New network polymer functionalized magnetic-mesoporous nanoparticle for rapid adsorption of Hg(II) and sequential efficient reutilization as a catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 15:259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118112
Gawai UP, Deshpande UP, Dole BN (2017) A study on the synthesis, longitudinal optical phonon–plasmon coupling and electronic structure of Al doped ZnS nanorods. RSC Adv. 7:12382–12390. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28180j
Hua Q, Tang F, Wang X, Li M, Gu X, Sun W, Zhuang X (2022) Electrochemiluminescence sensor based on EuS nanocrystals for ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions in seafood. Sens Actuators B 2:352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.131075
Huang L, He M, Chen B, Hu B (2016) A mercapto functionalized magnetic Zr-MOF by solvent-assisted ligand exchange for Hg2+ removal from water. J. Mater. Chem. A 4:5159–5166. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00343e
Kakarndee S, Juabrum S, Nanan S (2016) Low temperature synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence study of plate-like ZnS. Mater. Lett. 164:198–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.154
Kinuthia GK, Ngure V, Beti D, Lugalia R, Wangila A, Kamau L (2020) Publisher Correction: Levels of heavy metals in wastewater and soil samples from open drainage channels in Nairobi, Kenya: community health implication. Sci Rep 10:11439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68286-7
Król M, Rożek P, Chlebda D, Mozgawa W (2019) ATR/FT-IR studies of zeolite formation during alkali-activation of metakaolin. Solid State Sci. 94:114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2019.06.004
Lanas SG, Valiente M, Tolazzi M, Melchior A (2018) Thermodynamics of Hg2+ and Ag+ adsorption by 3-mercaptopropionic acid-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 136:1153–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7763-0
Li QG, Liu GH, Qi L, Wang HC, Ye ZF, Zhao QL (2022) Heavy metal-contained wastewater in China: discharge, management and treatment. Sci Total Environ 808:152091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152091
Liu F, Xiong W, Feng X, Shi L, Chen D, Zhang Y (2019) A novel monolith ZnS-ZIF-8 adsorption material for ultraeffective Hg (II) capture from wastewater. J Hazard Mater 367:381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.098
Luan L, Tang B, Liu Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang A, Niu Y (2022) Direct synthesis of sulfur-decorating PAMAM dendrimer/mesoporous silica for enhanced Hg(II) and Cd(II) adsorption. Langmuir 38:698–710. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02547
Nasimi S, Baghdadi M, Dorosti M (2020) Surface functionalization of recycled polyacrylonitrile fibers with ethylenediamine for highly effective adsorption of Hg(II) from contaminated waters. J Environ Manage 270:110883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110883
Pande SA, Pandit B, Sankapal BR (2017) Electrochemical approach of chemically synthesized HgS nanoparticles as supercapacitor electrode. Mater. Lett. 209:97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.07.084
Peng C, Liu Z, Yonezawa Y, Linares N, Yanaba Y, Trujillo CA, Wakihara T (2020) Testing the limits of zeolite structural flexibility: ultrafast introduction of mesoporosity in zeolites. J. Mater. Chem. A 8:735–742. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta10570k
Peng Y, Liu X, Gong X, Li X, Liu Y, Leng E, Zhang Y (2018) Enhanced Hg(II) adsorption by monocarboxylic-acid-modified microalgae residuals in simulated and practical industrial wastewater. Energy Fuels 32:4461–4468. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03094
Prajapati PK, Kansara AM, Aswal VK, Singh PS (2019) High oxygen permeable zeolite-4A poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane for air separation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 136:48047. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48047
Qu Z, Yan L, Li L, Xu J, Liu M, Li Z, Yan N (2014) Ultraeffective ZnS nanocrystals sorbent for mercury(II) removal based on size-dependent cation exchange. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:18026–18032. https://doi.org/10.1021/am504896w
Rashid J, Saleem S, Awan SU, Lqbal A, Kumar R, Barakat MA, Arshad M, Zaheer M, Rafique M, Awad M (2018) Stabilized fabrication of anatase-TiO2/FeS2 (pyrite) semiconductor composite nanocrystals for enhanced solar light-mediated photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Rsc. Adv. 8:11935. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02077a
Rastegarifard F, Ghanemi K, Fallah-Mehrjardi M (2017) A deep eutectic solvent-based extraction method for fast determination of Hg in marine fish samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Methods 9:5741–5748. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01372h
Sahraei R, Soheyli E, Faraji Z (2018) Hydrazine-assisted preparation of ZnS nanocrystals using N-acetyl-L-cysteine as capping agent. Mod. Phys. Lett. B 32:1850254. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918502548
Selvaraj R, Qi K, Al-Kindy SMZ, Sillanpää M, Kim Y, Tai CW (2014) A simple hydrothermal route for the preparation of HgS nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activities. RSC Adv 4:15371–15376. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00483c
Stromer BS, Woodbury B, Williams CF (2018) Tylosin sorption to diatomaceous earth described by Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models. Chemosphere 193:912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.083
Šušić M, Petranović N (1978) The electrochemical behaviour of synthetic zeolites—1. The NaA zeolite and the NaA. NaNO3 inclusion complex. Electrochim. Acta 23:1271–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(78)80002-4
Wang Y, Dang Q, Liu C, Yu D, Pu X, Wang Q, Cha D (2018) Selective adsorption toward Hg(II) and inhibitory effect on bacterial growth occurring on thiosemicarbazide-functionalized chitosan microsphere surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:40302–40316. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b14893
Wang YF, Qu RJ, Pan FW, Jia XH, Sun CM, Ji CN, Mu YL (2017) Preparation and characterization of thiol- and amino-functionalized polysilsesquioxane coated poly(p-phenylenetherephthal amide) fibers and their adsorption properties towards Hg(II). Chem. Eng. J. 317:187–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.073
Weerasooriya R, Tobschall HJ, Seneviratne W, Bandara A (2007) Transition state kinetics of Hg(II) adsorption at gibbsite-water interface. J Hazard Mater 147:971–978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.134
Wiatrowski HA, Das S, Kukkadapu R, Ilton ES, Barkay T, Yee N (2009) Reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) by magnetite. Environ Sci Technol 43:5307–5313. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9003608
Xu XH, Hussey CL (2019) The electrochemistry of mercury at glassy carbon and tungsten electrodes in the aluminum chloride-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride molten salt. J. Electrochem. Soc. 140:1226–1233. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2220961
Zhai Z, Zheng Y, Du T, Tian Z, Ren B, Xu Y, Liu Z (2021) Green and sustainable carbon aerogels from starch for supercapacitors and oil-water separation. Ceram. Int. 47:22080–22087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.229
Zou H, Wang Y (2020) Synthesis of poly(2-aminothiazole)-coated polystyrene particles and their excellent Hg(II) adsorption properties. Polymers (Basel) 12:4. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040749
Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their important comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the study.
Funding
This work was supported by Guiding Project of Fujian Province Science and Technology Department (2022Y0076) and Fujian Marine Economic Development Special project (FJHJF-L-2022-21).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Chuanzhi Jiang: conceptualization, writing original draft, and visualization. Chengyue Yang and Yong Fu: conceptualization and writing original draft. Feng Chen: writing, review, and editing. Jianshe Hu: supervision, writing, review, and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: George Z. Kyzas
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, C., Yang, C., Fu, Y. et al. Highly efficient and selective Hg(II) adsorbent: ZnS grown on the surface of 4A zeolite and supported on starch aerogels. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 67059–67070 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27107-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27107-w