Abstract
Clean hydrogen has future fuel capable of receiving an abundance of carbon–neutral energy from hydrogen. In the recent world, new hydrogen affirmation projects have been launched for a green environment. On another side, plastic waste and CO2 threaten the green environment. Vacuum in plastic waste management, plastic waste leads to exhibiting harmful chemicals to the environment. The growth rate of the CO2 concentration in air is 2.45 ppm per year, steadily increasing in 2022. It is realized that uneven climate change, temperature raising the global level, ocean mean level raising, and frequent acidification are dangerous to living and ecosystems. This review discussed tackling multiple harmful environmental fatly by pyrolysis techniques; catalytic pyrolysis is almost reaching the commercialization stage. Recent pyrolysis upgradation methods with hydrogen gas production and the continuous development and execution of sustainable solutions for plastic waste management and CO2 reforming are discussed. Production of carbon nanotubes by plastic waste, the importance of catalyst modification, and the effect of catalyst deactivation are discussed. From this study, integrating the different applications with catalytic modification creates room for multipurpose pyrolysis, CO2 reforming, and hydrogen gas production by pyrolysis techniques capable of giving a sustainable solution for climate change issues and a clean environment. Additionally, carbon utilization by way of carbon nanotube production is also done. Overall, the review supports achieving clean energy from plastic waste.
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Abbreviations
- CNT:
-
Carbon nanotube
- H2 :
-
Hydrogen
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- PPM:
-
Parts per million
- PS:
-
Polystyrene
- PET:
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- PP:
-
Polypropylene
- HDPE:
-
High-density polyethylene
- LDPE:
-
Low-density polyethylene
- GHG:
-
Green house emission
- NOX :
-
Nitrogen oxides
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- ER:
-
Equivalence ratio
- DRM:
-
Dry reforming method
- SAP:
-
Supportive, active, and promoter
- CV:
-
Calorific value
- NET:
-
Negative emission technologies
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Highlights
• Multipurpose catalytic pyrolysis provides room to waste plastics to clean energy hydrogen.
• Required end product composition is feasible by catalyst modification.
• CO2 reforming mitigates coke deposition and enhances catalyst activity and life.
• Carbon nanotube production supports the economic belt of catalytic pyrolysis.
• Incorporation strategies mutually valorize each other and enhance the hydrogen production.
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Sudalaimuthu, P., Sathyamurthy, R. The clean energy aspect of plastic waste — hydrogen gas production, CO2 reforming, and plastic waste management coincide with catalytic pyrolysis — an extensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 66559–66584 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26908-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26908-3