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Application of physical vapor deposition technology for practical utilization of nano-size copper oxide for lead uptake from solution: kinetics, equilibrium, and recycling studies

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Abstract

For the first time, copper oxide–coated glass beads (CuO-GBs) were fabricated using physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology for sequestrating Pb2+ ions from solution is addressed. Compared to other coating procedures, PVD offered high-stability uniform CuO nano-layers attached with 3.0-mm glass beads. Heating of copper oxide–coated glass beads after deposition was rather necessary to achieve the best stability of the nano-adsorbent. Detection of nano-size copper oxide on the beads was made by FTIR (intense peak at 655 cm−1 for CuO bond stretching) and XRF (Cu peak at 8.0 keV). Scanning electron micrographs taken at high magnification power indicated the presence of CuO in nano-range deposited over glass beads. The maximum deposited amount of CuO on the beads was 1.1% and accomplished at the following operational conditions: internal pressure 10–5 mmHg, Ar flow rate 8.0 mL/min, voltage 84 V, pre-sputtering time 20 s, total sputtering time 10.0 min, and post-heating temperature 150 °C for 3 h. A univariate analysis indicated that the optimum Pb2+ uptake by CuO-GBs from solution was achieved at pH 7.0–8.0, 7 beads/50 mL, 120-min contact time, and 15-mg/L initial concentration. Kinetic data for Pb2+ uptake was best presented by a pseudo–second-order model with a relative prediction error of 3.2 and 5.1% for GBs and CuO-GBs, respectively. On the other hand, Pb2+ equilibrium isotherms at 25 °C were fairly presented by the Langmuir model, and the predicted saturation values were 5.48 and 15.69 mg/g for GBs and CuO-GBs, respectively. CuO and CuO-GBs had similar Pb2+ saturation values (~ 16 mg/g), although the latter demonstrated 4 times faster kinetic, thanks to fixation CuO on glass beads. Moreover, the chemical stability of copper oxide–coated glass beads was tested under different conditions. Recycling of copper oxide–coated glass beads was also investigated, and 90% of the surface was recovered using 0.01-M HNO3.

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Data are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Abdelghani expresses gratitude to the Hashemite University Deanship of Scientific Research for providing excellent support for carrying out this research and for funding the procurement of PVD. We also like to thank all the technicians and research assistants who helped us conduct real-world experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Al-Zarqa, 13115, Jordan

    Jafar I. Abdelghani & Amjad H. El-Sheikh

  2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Al-Zarqa, 13133, Jordan

    Nabil N. AL-Hashimi

Authors
  1. Jafar I. Abdelghani
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  2. Amjad H. El-Sheikh
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  3. Nabil N. AL-Hashimi
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Contributions

Jafar I.M. Abdelghani: conceptualization, supervision, visualization, methodology, formal analysis, validation, investigation, writing—review and editing. Amjad H. El-Sheikh: experimental, analyzing data, writing—review and editing. Nabil N.AL-Hashimi: experimental, analyzing data, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jafar I. Abdelghani.

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Abdelghani, J.I., El-Sheikh, A.H. & AL-Hashimi, N.N. Application of physical vapor deposition technology for practical utilization of nano-size copper oxide for lead uptake from solution: kinetics, equilibrium, and recycling studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 58783–58795 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26591-4

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