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Green surface functionalization of chitosan with spent tea waste extract for the development of an efficient adsorbent for aspirin removal

  • Applications of Emerging Green Technologies for Efficient Valorization of Agro-Industrial Waste: A Roadmap Towards Sustainable Environment and Circular Economy
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Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of spent tea waste extract (STWE) as a green modifying agent for the modification of chitosan adsorbent towards aspirin removal. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was employed to find the optimal synthesis parameters (chitosan dosage, spent tea waste concentration, and impregnation time) for aspirin removal. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for preparing chitotea with 84.65% aspirin removal were 2.89 g of chitosan, 18.95 mg/mL of STWE, and 20.72 h of impregnation time. The surface chemistry and characteristics of chitosan were successfully altered and improved by STWE, as evidenced by FESEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR analysis. The adsorption data were best fitted to pseudo 2nd order, followed by chemisorption mechanisms. The maximum adsorption capacity of chitotea was 157.24 mg/g, as fitted by Langmuir, which is impressive for a green adsorbent with a simple synthesis method. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated the endothermic nature of aspirin adsorption onto chitotea.

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The datasets and materials used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The first author, Abu Hassan Nordin, wishes to express his heartfelt gratitude to Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for the financial assistance provided under the Zamalah scholarship scheme.

Funding

This work was funded by a Research University grant from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Vot no. Q.J130000.3851.18J95).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Abu Hassan Nordin, Norzita Ngadi, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Nur Aien Fatini Abd Latif & Syafikah Huda Paiman

  2. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas

  3. Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Muhammad Luqman Nordin

  4. Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

    Mohd Syahlan Mohd Syukri

  5. Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain

    Walid Nabgan

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  1. Abu Hassan Nordin
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Contributions

Abu Hassan Nordin: data curation, investigation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft; Norzita Ngadi: supervision, funding acquisition and resources; Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan: supervision, writing—review and editing; Nur Aien Fatini Abd Latif: data curation; Muhammad Luqman Nordin: conceptualization; Mohd Syahlan Mohd Syukri: writing—review and editing, validation; Walid Nabgan: visualization; Syafikah Huda Paiman: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Norzita Ngadi.

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Nordin, A.H., Ngadi, N., Ilyas, R.A. et al. Green surface functionalization of chitosan with spent tea waste extract for the development of an efficient adsorbent for aspirin removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 125048–125065 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25816-w

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