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Spatial and temporal characteristics of rural livability and its influencing factors: implications for the development of rural revitalization strategy

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Abstract

Building livable rural regions is a key objective of China’s rural revitalization, and fostering coordinated and sustainable regional development in China necessitates investigating the geographical and temporal distribution and influencing variables of livability in China’s rural areas. This paper compares the concept and connotation of rural livability based on regional economic development theory and sustainable development theory, integrates China’s rural revitalization strategy, proposes an index system for evaluating rural livability in China, and conducts an empirical analysis of livable rural areas. Firstly, the level of rural livability development is measured by the entropy method; secondly, the aggregation effect of provinces is demonstrated by using the Moran I index, and finally, the spatial Durbin model is used to explore the influencing factors of rural livability and its spatial spillover effects. Findings of our study reveal that the results of the entropy method indicate that the livability of rural China is in a growing development trend in all provinces, but the livability shows some regional disparities. The Moran index reveals that there are obvious spatial autocorrelations in the livability of Chinese rural areas, and the most typical features are the “high” and “low” clusters. The spatial Durbin model suggests that the influences on the development of rural livability are diverse. Besides, other variables such as environmental pollution and per capita housing area show a negative association with rural livability, and investment in fixed assets, cultural atmosphere and medical health show a positive relationship with rural livability. Based on the study findings, it is proposed that in the rural revitalization strategy process, the formulation of monitoring system should be strengthened and intensify the promotion of coordinated inter-regional development.

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Data availability

The datasets used in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable requests.

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Funding

This research study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72173036); National Natural Science Foundation of China “Research Fund for International Young Scientists” (Grant No. 72250410374); and Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (Grant No. 721RC515).

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  1. School of Management, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China

    Kailei Wei, Weilin Wang & Shah Fahad

  2. School of Economics and Management, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China

    Shah Fahad

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Contributions

Kailei Wei: innovation and main idea of the paper, data analysis, literature review and methodology sections, interpretation of the estimation results, discussion, and conclusion sections; Weilin Wang: introduction, review and editing, validation, discussion of results; Shah Fahad: review and editing.

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Correspondence to Shah Fahad.

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Wei, K., Wang, W. & Fahad, S. Spatial and temporal characteristics of rural livability and its influencing factors: implications for the development of rural revitalization strategy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 49162–49179 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25748-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25748-5

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