Abstract
The main objective of the present research work is to utilise the produced bio-oil from microwave pyrolysis of Karanja, a non-edible seed, as fuel for diesel engines by increasing some up-gradation in the quality of the fuel. The emulsification process is carried out to improve the stability of the diesel–bio-oil blend using SPAN 80 and TWEEN 80, which lasted for 28 days without any layer separation termed as EKB20. The addition of 5% DEE and 10% DEE into EKB20 is done to enhance the combustion characteristics of the diesel engine. The produced bio-oil fuels were tested in a Kirloskar make, four-stroke, single-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine of 5.2 kW rated power output. The addition of DEE reduces the peak pressure by 4 bar and increases the heat release rate due to the higher volatility of DEE. At full load conditions, the thermal brake efficiency improved by 9.31% and 14.11%, respectively, compared to EKB20. Adding 5% DEE and 10% DEE at the rated power output reduced the smoke density by 18.42% and 60.25%, respectively, compared to EKB20 and 5% and 4% compared to diesel. The addition of 5% DEE and 10% DEE shows a 39% and 51% increase in NOX concentration and a 90% reduction in CO emission at the maximum brake power output. Hence, it is concluded that the fuels EKB20 + 5% DEE and EKB20 + 10% DEE can be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines.
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Mathiarasu Anbu and Radjaram Balakichenin. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Pugazhvadivu Muthaiyan and Surendarnath Sundaramoorthy, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Final review and editing were performed by Kassian T.T. Amesho and Venkatesan Subramani. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• Karanja seed bio-oil is produced by microwave pyrolysis.
• Emulsifiers are used to prepare diesel-bio-oil blends, resulting in efficient fuel for diesel engines using SPAN80 and TWEEN80, which are stable for 28 days.
• Produced diesel–bio-oil blends are analysed for their physico-chemical properties.
• The combustion performance result shows that thermal brake efficiency improves by 9.31% and 14.11%.
• Emission analysis results indicate a 90% reduction in CO emissions.
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Anbu, M., Balakichenin, R., Muthaiyan, P. et al. Experimental investigation on the performance characteristics and emissions of a CI engine fueled with enhanced microwave-assisted Karanja seed bio-oil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 125006–125018 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24283-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24283-z