Abstract
With the improvement of industrialization, numerous rural laborers migrate to urban areas in search of off‐farm jobs. Farmers change agricultural production decisions to adapt to the change of labor force, which will inevitably affect the crop planting structure. However, few studies have explored the sustainability of crop planting structure. Based on the calculation of the multiple cropping index (MCI), grain crops planting rate (GCR), economic crops planting rate (ECR), and ecological sustainability index (ESI) of crop planting structure, this study analyzes the impact of labor transfer rate (LTR) and labor cost (LC) on the sustainability of crop planting structure using a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. The results show that the scale of rural labor transfer and labor cost in China remains on the rise, but the growth rate has slowed down. The total carbon absorption of crops in China shows a U-shape trend, and the rice and maize have the largest carbon absorption. The impact of LTR on MCI is mainly positive, especially in the North China Plain in the early stage and some provinces in the Southwest China in the later stage. The impact of LTR on ECR and ESI is negative in most provinces. And the negative influence of LC on MCI is increasing, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of large influence in the southeast and small influence in the northwest. The impact of LC on ESI shows a negative effect in most provinces in the early stage, and the negative effect is more concentrated in some provinces in the southwest in the later stage.
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Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074181, 42071416), the National Social Science Foundation of China (20CJY023), the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (2021KJXX-12), and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2022JM-422). The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and corrections on the earlier draft of our paper.
Funding
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074181, 42071416), the National Social Science Foundation of China (20CJY023), the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (2021KJXX-12), and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2022JM-422).
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Wei Chen: conceptualization, project administration, writing—original draft. Qian Wang: methodology, writing—original draft. Qiao Li: resources, writing—review and editing. Yanan Wang: supervision, writing—review and editing. Weiwei Zheng: resources, writing—review and editing.
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Chen, W., Wang, Q., Li, Q. et al. Exploring the impact of rural labor transfer on the production and ecological sustainability of crop planting structure in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 22668–22685 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23613-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23613-5