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Effects of high cetane diesel on combustion, performance, and emissions of heavy-duty diesel engine

  • Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Environment
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Abstract

Fuel economy improvement and reducing exhaust emissions are drivers for advancement in engine technology and fuel quality enhancement. The latest generation diesel engine uses a high pressure common rail fuel injection system and after-treatment devices such as selective catalyst reduction (SCR) and diesel particulate filters (DPF) to meet the stringent emission norms. The performance of engine can be further improved by using better quality fuel than the minimum requirement. Fuel quality improvement can be achieved through modifying blending components and/ or using additives. This study investigates the effect of high cetane diesel on the performance and emission behavior of SCR fitted heavy-duty engines. Normal diesel is doped with diesel multi-functional additives containing cetane improver, and thereby cetane number enhanced to 55 from 52. Fuel consumption and exhaust emission were evaluated over the European stationary cycle (ESC) under the controlled test cell conditions. The fuel consumption with the high cetane diesel was 0.5% lower; CO, HC, and NOx emissions were lower by 12%, 6%, and 8% respectively over the ESC. This paper also highlights mode-wise engine performance, emissions, noise, and combustion behavior of the engine while using a cetane improver in diesel over the ESC cycle. Noise level reduced by 1 dB in the wide-open throttle performance tests when the cetane number increased by 3 units.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the management of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. R&D Centre for publishing this technical paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector 13, Haryana, 121007, Faridabad, India

    Navarun Saikia, Ramadhas Arumugam Sakunthalai, Maya Chakradhar, Sithananthan Masilamani, Muhul Maheshwari & Deepak Saxena

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  1. Navarun Saikia
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  2. Ramadhas Arumugam Sakunthalai
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  3. Maya Chakradhar
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  4. Sithananthan Masilamani
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  5. Muhul Maheshwari
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Contributions

All authors—NS, RAS, MC, SM, MM, DS—contributed to the full paper. NS, RAS, MC are involved in development of fuels and engine testing. SM, MM, DS analyzed the test results and contributed in development of the manuscript.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramadhas Arumugam Sakunthalai.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Highlights

• Investigated the effect of high cetane number diesel on diesel, engine performance, gaseous, and noise emissions under European stationary cycle and full-throttle performance.

• High cetane number diesel improved the fuel economy by 0.5% and reduced gaseous emissions by 10%.

• High cetane diesel decreased the number count of < 10 nm particles by approximately 10%.

• Three units cetane number increase in diesel (52 to 55) reduced noise up to 1 dB.

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Saikia, N., Sakunthalai, R.A., Chakradhar, M. et al. Effects of high cetane diesel on combustion, performance, and emissions of heavy-duty diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 61246–61256 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23262-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23262-8

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