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Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components, greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy

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Abstract

Effective and environmentally friendly herbicides are urgently needed to meet consumer demand for organic products. To evaluate the weed control effect of four pyroligneous acid (PAs) mixtures, the byproducts of bamboo/wood/straw vinegar, two herbicide discovery tests were done: (1) the greenhouse tests by using four indicative plants: wheat (Triticum sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), cucumber (Cucumus sativus), and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv; (2) Field trials with four weeds: E. crusgalli, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Greenhouse tests showed that the efficacy of PAs and acetic acid (AA) to control four test plants increased with the increasing of PAs concentration. The inhibition rates of four tested PAs (FBV (0.6–9.2% AA + (0.3–5.0% tar), HWV (0.2–1.8% AA + 0.3–4.3% tar), ASV (0.5–8.7% AA + 0.4–7.0% tar), and CWV (0.7–5.3% AA + 0.5–7.5% tar) gave inhibition rates of 56 ± 4–97 ± 2%, 21 ± 2–90 ± 6%, 29 ± 3–98 ± 5%, and 44 ± 6–86 ± 2%, respectively, and the field effects of PAs against four weeds were enhanced with the increasing of concentrations and time after spraying (1 to 14 days). Their control effects against E. crusgalli, E. indica, A. philoxeroides, and C. canadensis were 4 ± 1–93 ± 4%, 7 ± 3–90 ± 3%, 32 ± 2–95 ± 3%, and 31 ± 5–96 ± 4%, respectively. The mixed effect of the four PAs was higher than the same dose of AA. These results will help to determine the potential of PAs to be developed as non-selective herbicides to control weeds in organic farming.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Scientific and Technological Projects of Zhejiang Province (grant numbers 2021C02046 and 2019C02024).

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Author notes

  1. Huidong Maliang and Ying Li contributed to this article equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300, People’s Republic of China

    Huidong Maliang, Ying Li, Yue Wang, Lancao Jin, Hongbo Liu, Anliang Chen, Jie Chen & Jianyi Ma

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  1. Huidong Maliang
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  2. Ying Li
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  3. Yue Wang
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  4. Lancao Jin
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  7. Jie Chen
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  8. Jianyi Ma
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Huidong Maliang, Ying Li, Yue Wang, Lancao Jin, and Hongbo Liu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jianyi Ma, Anliang Chen, Jie Chen, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianyi Ma.

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Maliang, H., Li, Y., Wang, Y. et al. Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components, greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 14126–14138 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23087-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23087-5

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