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Globalization and renewable energy use: how are they contributing to upsurge the CO2 emissions? A global perspective

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Abstract

The present study major aim was to examine the impact of globalization, economic growth, population growth, renewable energy usage and nuclear energy on CO2 emissions globally by taking the annual data varies from 1985 to 2020. Stationarity among study variables were tested via unit root testing, while nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique was used to demonstrate the linkages among variables with the estimation of long-run and short-run. Study results reveal that both in the short run and long run, negative globalization and economic growth shocks positively and negatively influence CO2 emissions, respectively. Besides, higher population growth is found to positively influence CO2 emissions while renewable energy consumption cannot influence the CO2 emission figures. Lastly, positive and negative shocks to alternative nuclear energy consumption are evidenced to negatively influence CO2 emissions both in the short run and long run. Hence, in line with these findings, several new policies and strategies are recommended for reducing carbon emissions globally.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Abdul Rehman & Hengyun Ma

  2. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62561, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Mahtab Alam

  3. Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ilhan Ozturk

  4. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Ilhan Ozturk

  5. Esai Business School, Universidad Espiritu Santo, Samborondon, 091650, Ecuador

    Rafael Alvarado

  6. School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh

    Muntasir Murshed

  7. Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Muntasir Murshed

  8. Faculty of Tourism, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Cem Işık

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  1. Abdul Rehman
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  3. Ilhan Ozturk
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  4. Rafael Alvarado
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  5. Muntasir Murshed
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  6. Cem Işık
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  7. Hengyun Ma
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Contributions

Abdul Rehman: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, formal analysis, visualization; writing the original draft; Mohammad Mahtab Alam, Ilhan Ozturk and Hengyun Ma: investigation, visualization, review and editing; Muntasir Murshed, Cem Işık and Rafael Alvarado: editing and made suggestions of the manuscript.

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Rehman, A., Alam, M.M., Ozturk, I. et al. Globalization and renewable energy use: how are they contributing to upsurge the CO2 emissions? A global perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 9699–9712 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22775-6

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