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The interactions of Cr (VI) concentrations and amendments (biochar and manure) on growth and metal accumulation of two species of Salicornia in contaminated soil

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Abstract

Heavy metals are among the most dangerous contaminants in the environment. Organic components and plant species that can accumulate and stabilize heavy metals in their organs are a good option for soil remediation of these elements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of manure and biochar on the accumulation of heavy metals by Salicornia species. Salicornia persica Akhani and Salicornia perspolitana Akhani were cultivated outdoor in experimental pots. The effects of experimental treatments, including Cr (VI) concentrations, manure, and biochar on the two studied species, were investigated. The results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.05) of biochar on the accumulation of heavy metals by two species, S. persica and S. perspolitana, so that Cr concentrations in the roots and shoots were 258 and 5.41 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, Cr accumulations under manure treatments in the roots and shoots were 334.34 and 9.79 mg/kg, respectively. The content of photosynthetic pigments in both S. persica and S. perspolitana species under biochar treatment was higher than in control and manure treatments. In general, one can conclude that the accumulation of Cr in S. perspolitana was higher than in S. persica. Applying biochar and manure amendments could stabilize Cr in soil and reduce Cr accumulation in both S. persica and S. perspolitana species.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad for its financial support (Grant number: 47716) for this research.

Funding

This study was funded by the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (47728) in Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Fahime Ashrafi & Ava Heidari

  2. Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohammad Farzam

  3. Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Alireza Karimi

  4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, P.O. Box: 8767161167, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran

    Malihe Amini

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Contributions

Fahime Ashrafi: investigation, project administration, resources, validation, writing–original draft, software, formal analysis, and funding acquisition.

Ava Heidari: supervision, visualization, writing–review and editing, conceptualization, data curation, methodology, project administration, and funding acquisition

Mohammad Farzam: supervision, data curation, and validation

Alireza Karimi: supervision, data curation, and validation

Malihe Amini: writing–review and editing, formal analysis, and validation

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Ashrafi, F., Heidari, A., Farzam, M. et al. The interactions of Cr (VI) concentrations and amendments (biochar and manure) on growth and metal accumulation of two species of Salicornia in contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 201–218 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22138-1

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