Abstract
Waste rock from bentonite mining (WRBM) was evaluated as potential adsorbents for removing crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) cationic dyes from contaminated water. The waste samples (AM01, AM02, and AM03) were collected from different locations of the bentonite mine and characterized through X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, and cation exchange capacity. The adsorption efficiency of CV and MB dyes was investigated through the effect of initial concentration, contact time, pH, the dosage of adsorbent, and temperature. Sample AM02 showed the largest surface area (69.13 m2/g) and the best adsorptive performance for both dyes, with removal more significant than 90%. The adsorption of CV and MB in the waste followed the Langmuir isothermal model. Samples AM01 and AM02 followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model, while AM03 better fitted the Elovich kinetic model. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs energy (ΔG) were evaluated as adsorption parameters. The process of adsorption of CV and MB dyes in the waste was predominantly endothermic and occurred spontaneously. WRBM samples proved to be a promising candidate for removing cationic dyes present in water.
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The datasets used during the current study are available from the first author on reasonable request.
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The authors would like to thank the Laboratório de Caracterização de Materiais (LCM-UAEMa/UFCG) for the infrastructure to carry out tests.
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This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq (Grant Number 130216/2021–6, 140211/2021–7, 420004/2018-1 and 309771/2021-8), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–CAPES (Grant Number 88887.602097/2021–00), and Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba–FAPESQ (Grant number 48332.712.29500.30082021).
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Maria Eduarda Barbosa Araújo and Vanderlane Cavalcanti Silva. Formal analysis, conceptualization, and writing—review & editing were performed by Jucielle Veras Fernandes, Juliana Melo Cartaxo, Alisson Mendes Rodrigues, and Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes. Funding acquisition and Project administration: Gelmires de Araújo Neves and Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Araújo, M.E.B., Silva, V.C., Fernandes, J.V. et al. Innovative adsorbents based on bentonite mining waste for removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 90446–90462 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22083-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22083-z