Abstract
Organic matter (OM) has an excellent retention effect on stabilizing chromium (Cr), and functional groups on OM play a predominant role in this process. Based on this result, it is found that a considerable amount of Cr in tannery sludge is immobilized from ion exchangeable species into bound species, benefiting from complexing reaction with functional groups. Especially, the mentioned immobilizing process is enhanced in way of adding with montmorillonite (MMT) which performs adsorption reaction with Cr, as well as plays interaction with functional groups. The result is confirmed by employing density functional theory (DFT) analysis, suggesting the binding ability among Cr, functional groups, and MMT is stronger (− 77.36503 eV) than that of the system of Cr and MMT (− 61.29942 eV), indicating the synergetic roles of OM and MMT. This synergetic role could also be illustrated by a new peak (Cr-OH 20.1%) shown in XPS result. Meanwhile, DFT analysis emphasizes that functional groups on OM give the response for binding with Cr in the order of hydroxyl (-OH) > carboxyl (-COOH) > epoxy (-COC), and all the functional groups tend to donate electron to bind with Cr. In addition, the stabilizing process shows a better fitting effect with pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.94), indicating that exchangeable Cr mass transfer and chemical adsorption occur simultaneously.
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Funding
The research was supported by Liaoning Province (Jinzhou) Fur Green Manufacturing Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance (201854), research on resource recycling technology of tanned chromium-containing waste dander (2018020190–301), The “Seedling” Project named “Research on Graphene-based 3D Material Construction and Key Technologies for Industrialization Application” for Youth Science and Technology Talents of Education Department of Liaoning Province (LQ2020011), and Environmental Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals in Jinzhou Coastal Zone and Research on Advanced Treatment of Lead (BDHYYJY2021005) (this study were supported by the Open Fund of Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University).
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Shuyi Yang: investigation, data curation, and writing original draft preparation. Ying Cheng: methodology and validation. Hongtao Zou: conceptualization, editing, review, and revision. Tao E: conceptualization and methodology.
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Yang, S., Cheng, Y., Zou, H. et al. Synergistic roles of montmorillonite and organic matter in reducing bioavailable state of chromium in tannery sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 87298–87309 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21897-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21897-1