Abstract
Herein, we report on the preparation of novel colloidal system based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Pd nanoparticles (CMC@Pd NPs) via an ecofriendly auto-reduction process under mild conditions. In the first step, the follow-up of reduction and preparation of CMC anchored palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) in aqueous solution was carried out using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Thereafter, the monodispersed colloids were fully characterized by advanced analytical, structural, and morphological techniques. Based on Scherrer equation, the as-synthesized CMC@Pd NPs crystallite size was about 10.88 nm. Accordingly, the detailed microscopic study revealed CMC nanocolloids anchored uniform distribution of Pd NPs and the presence of CMC nanofilm as protective monolayer. To the best of our knowledge, the observed nanoscale properties are reported for the first time for CMC−M system. The performance of the as-synthesized CMC@Pd nanocolloids was first investigated in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, as a model substrate, to 4-aminophenol using NaBH4 as a hydrogen source. Moreover, the catalytic reduction of various nitroarenes bearing electron withdrawing or donating substituents was carried out and monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The chemo- and regioselectivity of the catalytic reduction in presence of CMC@Pd NPs were also studied. Consequently, the prepared CMC@Pd nanocolloids exhibit remarkable activity, good heterogeneity, and higher reusability and stability for the catalytic reduction reaction under mild conditions.
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Acknowledgements
The author A. A. MEKKAOUI is grateful to the “Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale”, Italy, for the MAECI grant (protocol number 1800 – 19/07/2019) held at Politecnico di Torino, Italy. The authors would like to thank Dr. Marco ETZI COLLER PASCUZZI, from Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, for the XPS study.
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A. A. Mekkaoui: performing manipulations, methodology, conceptualization, interpretation, software, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. H. Orfi: performing catalytic application. K. Bejtka: microscopic study, interpretation, writing—review and editing. M. Laayati: performing spectroscopic characterization. S. A. Labyad: performing catalytic application. L. El Firdoussi: supervision. C. F. Pirri: supervision. A. Chiodoni: supervision, microscopic study, interpretation, writing—review and editing; S. El Houssame: methodology, conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing.
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Mekkaoui, A.A., Orfi, H., BEJTKA, K. et al. Carboxymethyl cellulose nanocolloids anchored Pd(0) nanoparticles (CMC@Pd NPs): synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application in transfer hydrogenation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 81619–81634 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21838-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21838-y