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Development of chitosan-magnetic sawdust hydrochar for Pb and Zn immobilization process on various soil conditions

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Abstract

A series of 60-day soil immobilized incubations were performed to explore the impacts of various factors (incubation time, chitosan modified magnetic sawdust hydrochar (CMSH) dosages, initial pH values, moisture contents, and humic acid (HA)) on CMSH immobilization of Pb and Zn. DTPA and BCR extraction techniques were undertaken to study the distribution of form transformations of Pb and Zn. CMSH showed significant immobilization ability for both DTPA-Pb and DTPA-Zn, and the highest removal rates were shown to be 57.40% and 90.00% for Pb and Zn respectively. After 60 days of incubation, the residual Pb was enhanced by 34–61% and residual Zn increased by 25–41%, which indicated that CMSH was effective in immobilizing Pb and Zn. Meanwhile, the immobilization efficiency improved with increasing incubation time, CMSH dosage, HA dosage, and initial solution pH. In particular, 5% HA application increased the soil TOC and accelerated the metal stabilization processes, with the residual forms of Pb and Zn eventually reaching a maximum of 73% and 71%, respectively. In addition, the alkaline initial solution promoted the ion exchange, surface complexation reaction, and cationic-π interaction, resulting in a better immobilization of Pb and Zn by CMSH. Finally, according to the orthogonal analysis of BCR results, HA dosage was the major factor affecting Pb and Zn immobilization by CMSH compared to soil pH and moisture content in this study.

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Funding

The authors received support provided by the Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University (No. GSIF-DH-M-2021008) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 22ZR1401700).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Yitong Dan, Xiaoxia Wang, Wenjing Sang, Lei Zhou, Yinzhu Diao, Feihong Liu & Huan Wang

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  1. Yitong Dan
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  2. Xiaoxia Wang
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  3. Wenjing Sang
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  4. Lei Zhou
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  5. Yinzhu Diao
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  7. Huan Wang
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Contributions

Yitong Dan: conceptualization, writing — original draft, methodology, investigation. Xiaoxia Wang: data curation, visualization, methodology, writing — review and editing. Wenjing Sang: conceptualization, methodology, project administration, funding acquisition, supervision, writing — review and editing. Lei Zhou: methodology, investigation. Yinzhu Diao: methodology, writing — review and editing. Feihong Liu: methodology, writing — review and editing. Huan Wang: methodology, writing — review and editing.

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Correspondence to Wenjing Sang.

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Highlights

• Soil pH reduced while TOC gradually elevated after adding CMSH for 60 days.

• Enhancing CMSH facilitated the conversion of Pb and Zn residual form.

• Increasing moisture content, initial pH, and HA promoted the immobilization of Pb and Zn.

• Compared with other influencing factors, HA has the most significant effect on immobilization of Pb and Zn.

Supplementary Information

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11356_2022_21745_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 19 KB) The details of soil characterization were exhibited in S1. Physicochemical properties of the contaminated soil were presented in Table S1.

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Dan, Y., Wang, X., Sang, W. et al. Development of chitosan-magnetic sawdust hydrochar for Pb and Zn immobilization process on various soil conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 84675–84689 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21745-2

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