Abstract
As one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the environment, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (1,2,4,5-TeMB) present in oily wastewater, and it can occur substitution, abstraction, and addition reactions with OH radicals in the atmosphere and wastewater. Electrostatic potential (ESP) and average local ionization energy (ALIE) prediction indicate that H atoms from CH3 group and the benzene ring are the most active sites in 1,2,4,5-TeMB. The result shows that potential energy surfaces (PESs) in the gas and aqueous phase are similar, and the relevant barriers in the latter one are higher. The dominant channel is H abstraction from the benzene ring, and the subdominant one is OH radical addition to the benzene ring. Furthermore, subsequent reactions of dominant products with O2, NO2, NO, and OH radicals in the atmosphere are studied, as well. The total reaction rate constant is calculated to be 2.36×10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 1 atm and 298 K in the atmosphere, which agrees well with the experimental data. While the total rate constant in the aqueous phase is much lower than that in the gas phase. Ecologic toxicity analysis shows that 1,2,4,5-TeMB is very toxic to fish, daphnia, and green algae; and OH-initiated degradation in the environment will reduce its toxicity.
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This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41775119), Focuses on Research and Development Plan in Shandong Province (2019GSF109046), and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021MB104).
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H. Zhao, S.J. Wang, and C.G. Lu performed electronic structure and kinetics calculations in this manuscript. Y.Z. Tang wrote the manuscript. J.Y. Sun, Y.J. Zhang, J. Guan, and Y.R. Pan helped in discussing and revising the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted.
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Zhao, H., Sun, J., Zhang, Y. et al. Investigations on mechanisms, kinetics, and ecotoxicity in OH-initiated degradation of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 84616–84628 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21704-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21704-x