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Specific size distributions of elemental and organic carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from petrol engine using two fuel grades

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Abstract

The most common commercial oils in the Chinese market are two petrol types with octane levels of 93 and 97. To determine the source spectrum of air pollutant emissions, we herein investigated the specific emission sizes of the total suspended particles (TSP), total carbon (TC), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a petrol engine fueled with 93# and 97# petrol in 2016 (based on Chinese national IV gasoline standard). We found that while 93# emitted a higher TSP content, 97# emitted greater TC, EC, OC, and PAHs. The highest carbon contents were found in the < 0.25 µm and 0.44–1.0 µm size fractions for the 93# and 97# petrol, respectively. OC content showed a significant positive correlation with EC, and EC2 (at 740 ℃) was the main carbon fragment in both petrol exhausts. The highest PAH content occurred in the 0.25–0.44 µm size-bin, differing from the results for TC, EC, and OC, and medium molecular weight (4 rings) PAHs were the primary component in the emissions. These results indicate that fuel composition and octane sensitivity have a prominent effect on the size distributions of TC (including EC, OC, and PAHs). Thus, more studies on the carbon content at specific emission sizes in petrol exhaust should be conducted to clarify the main factors impacting these variations.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 42106049, U1806214) and the National Key R&D Program of China (no. 2018YFD0900806), and funded by Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (no. JCZX202007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenhai Middle Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Weikun Xu & Fuqiang Wang

  2. National Deep Sea Center, 69 Wenhai Dong Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Weikun Xu, Hongliang Wang & Wei Gao

  3. Qingdao Marine Comprehensive Proving Ground Co., Ltd, 118 Qiyunshan First Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266200, China

    Xu Tian

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  1. Weikun Xu
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  2. Fuqiang Wang
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  3. Hongliang Wang
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  4. Wei Gao
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  5. Xu Tian
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Weikun Xu, Hongliang Wang, Wei Gao, and Xu Tian. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Fuqiang Wang and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fuqiang Wang.

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Xu, W., Wang, F., Wang, H. et al. Specific size distributions of elemental and organic carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from petrol engine using two fuel grades. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 80272–80280 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21451-z

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