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A review of spatiotemporal patterns of neonicotinoid insecticides in water, sediment, and soil across China

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Abstract

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) have been widely used to control insect pests, while their environmental residues and associated hazardous impacts on human and ecosystem health have attracted increasing attention worldwide. In this study, we examined the current levels and associated spatial and temporal patterns of NNIs in multiple environmental media across China. Concentrations of NNIs in surface water, sediment, and soil were in the range of 9.94–755 ng·L−1, 0.07–8.30 ng·g−1 DW, and 0.009–356 ng·g−1 DW, respectively. The high levels of NNIs in surface water, such as in Yangtze River (755 ng·L−1), North River (539 ng·L−1), Nandu River (519 ng·L−1), and Minjiang River (514 ng·L−1), were dominated by imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid due to their extensive use. The levels of NNIs in sediments were relatively low, and the highest concentration (8.30 ng·g−1 DW) was observed in Dongguan ditch. Sediment–water exchange calculated from fugacity fraction indicated that NNIs in sediment can be released back into the water due to their high solubility and low KOW. Soils from agricultural zones contained the largest residual NNIs, with imidacloprid concentrations in cultivated soil reaching 119 ng·g−1 DW. The calculated leaching potential showed that clothianidin has the highest migration potential to deep soil or groundwater. The monitored data of NNIs presented a decreasing trend from 2016 to 2018, which might be caused by the implementation of relevant control policies for NNI applications. The high levels of NNIs mainly occurred in southern China due to frequent agricultural activities and warm and humid meteorological conditions. The results from this study improve our understanding of the pollution levels and environmental behavior of NNIs in different environmental media across China and provide new knowledge that is needed for making future control policies for NNIs production and application.

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All data used in this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51779047) and the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. E2018007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China

    Zhikun Liu, Fuxiang Zhang, Yuxin Ke & Song Cui

  2. Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China

    Zhikun Liu, Fuxiang Zhang, Shuang Wang, Yunqing Zhao, Yuxin Ke & Song Cui

  3. Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada

    Leiming Zhang

  4. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK

    Zulin Zhang & Rupert Hough

  5. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China

    Lihui An

  6. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China

    Peng Hu

  7. IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China

    Yi-Fan Li

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  1. Zhikun Liu
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Contributions

SC and ZL drafted the paper. FZ and YK analyzed the data. SW, PH, and LA created the figures and established the methods. ZL, YZ, and ZZ designed the experiments and organized the resources. LZ, Y-FL, RH, and SC finalized the paper. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Song Cui.

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Liu, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. et al. A review of spatiotemporal patterns of neonicotinoid insecticides in water, sediment, and soil across China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 55336–55347 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21226-6

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