Abstract
In the present investigation, a biocomposite, magnetic carbon nanodot immobilized Bacillus pseudomycoides MH229766 (MCdsIB) was developed and consequently characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, and VSM analyses to effectively biotreat hazardous Congo red (CR) dye present in water bodies. The adsorptive efficiency of MCdsIB for the detoxification of CR from wastewater was investigated both in batch and column schemes. Optimum batch parameters were found as pH 3, 50 mg L−1 dye concentration, 150 min equilibrium time, and 2 g L−1 MCdsIB dosage. The Freundlich isotherm model best fit the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity of MCdsIB was observed as 149.25 mg g−1. Kinetic data were in accordance with the pseudo-second-order model where the adsorption rate reduced with the rise in the initial concentration of dye. Intra-particle diffusion was discovered as the rate-limiting step following 120 min of the adsorption process. Furthermore, despite being used continually for five consecutive cycles, MCdsIB demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity (> 85 mg g−1), making it an outstanding recyclable material. The CR dye was efficiently removed in fixed-bed continuous column studies at high influent CR dye concentration, low flow rate, and high adsorbent bed height, wherein the Thomas model exhibited an excellent fit with the findings acquired in column experiments. To summarize, the current study revealed the effectiveness of MCdsIB as a propitious adsorbent for CR dye ouster from wastewater.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, for providing laboratory facilities for this study and Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF), JNU, for providing access to various facilities throughout the work.
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This research was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, India, under the scheme for “Young Scientists and Technologists” (Grant No. SP/YO/283/2018).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by SS, TM, NK, SS, KB, and RS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Sinha, S., Mehrotra, T., Kumar, N. et al. A sustainable remediation of Congo red dye using magnetic carbon nanodots and B. pseudomycoides MH229766 composite: mechanistic insight and column modelling studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 80088–80108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21180-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21180-3