Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of simple decontamination methods and processing on imidacloprid, dimethoate, and emamectin benzoate residues in grapes and their processed products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the decontamination methods evaluated, washing with NaCl (2%) solution was effective for reducing imidacloprid (77.55%), dimethoate (83.27%), and emamectin benzoate (77.28%) residues in mature grapes. No metabolites (omethoate and 6-chloronicotinic acid) were detected in both decontamination and processing studies. The grapes were processed into various products, including fresh juice, squash, and raisin, following the standard effective steps for each product. Washing with NaCl (2%) solution for decontamination was included as an additional step in the standard protocol and resulted in substantial removal of surface residues of the selected insecticides. The processing factor calculated was less than one for all the products.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors are grateful to Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, for providing necessary facilities during the study.
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The study was designed by KB and BKK Reddy; the field experiment was conducted by BKK Reddy; the laboratory analysis was done by BKK Reddy and NT; the manuscript was prepared by BKK Reddy and KB, reviewed by KB, AS, MP, and PG, and approved by KB.
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Reddy, B.K.K., Bhuvaneswari, K., Geetha, P. et al. Effect of decontamination and processing on insecticide residues in grape (Muscat Hamburg). Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 75790–75804 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21165-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21165-2