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The potential of a natural iron ore residue application in the efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride from an aqueous solution: insight into the degradation mechanism

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Abstract

In the existing research, most of the heterogeneous catalysts applied in the activation of persulfate to degrade organic pollutants were synthesized from chemical reagents in the laboratory. In this paper, we have obtained a spent iron ore (IO) residue directly collecting from the iron ore plants, and efficiently activating peroxydisulfate (PS) to produce reactive free radicals. The experimental results demonstrated that the IO could effectively activate PS to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), with TCH removal rate reaching up to 85.6% within 2 h at room temperature. The TCH removal rate was increased with increasing iron ore dosage, while the more acidic pH condition would be favorable to TCH removal process. The material characterization results demonstrated that the dominant components of IO were Fe3O4 and FeOOH. The transformation from Fe(II) to Fe(III) at the surface IO was observed after TCH degradation. What’s more, the quenching experiment and EPR detection results confirmed that the sulfate radical (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) would be acting as the main free radicals for TCH degradation. This study could not only explore a novel way to recycle the discarded iron ore, but also further expand its application in an effective activation of PS in an aqueous solution.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

IO:

Iron ore

AOPs:

The advanced oxidation process

TCH:

Tetracycline hydrochloride

PMS:

Peroxymonosulfate

PS:

Peroxydisulfate

SO4 • − :

Sulfate radical

• OH:

Hydroxyl radicals

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectrometer

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

EPR:

Electron paramagnetic resonance

MeOH:

Methanol

TBA:

Tert-butyl-alcohol

DMPO:

5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide

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Funding

The authors would thank the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (grant No. 52000163) and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (grant No. 202300410423). The open fund from Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology (CJSZ2021001) have already supported this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, People’s Republic of China

    Tingting Tian, Xinfeng Zhu, Zhongxian Song, Yanli Mao, Songtao Chen & Junfeng Wu

  2. School of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China

    Tingting Tian, Xindong Li & Guozi Ouyang

  3. School of Ecology and Environmental, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Zhang

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  1. Tingting Tian
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  2. Xinfeng Zhu
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  5. Wei Zhang
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Contributions

Tingting Tian: investigation, methodology, and writing—review and editing. Xinfeng Zhu: writing—review and editing, supervision. Zhongxian Song: methodology, supervision.

Xindong Li: supervision. Wei Zhang: investigation, methodology, and writing—review and editing. Yanli Mao: methodology, supervision. Songtao Chen: writing—review and editing, supervision. Junfeng Wu: methodology, supervision. Guozi Ouyang: Investigation, methodology.

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Correspondence to Xinfeng Zhu.

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Tian, T., Zhu, X., Song, Z. et al. The potential of a natural iron ore residue application in the efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride from an aqueous solution: insight into the degradation mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 76782–76792 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21077-1

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