Abstract
A good number of researchers investigated the impact of flow modification on hydrological, ecological, and geomorphological conditions in a river. A few works also focused on hydrological modification on wetland with some parameters but as far the knowledge is concerned, linking river flow modification to wetland hydrological and morphological transformation following an integrated modeling approach is often lacking. The current study aimed to explore the degree of hydrological alteration in the river and its effect on downstream riparian wetlands by adopting advanced modeling approaches. After damming, maximally 67 to 95% hydrological alteration was recorded for maximum, minimum, and average discharges. Wavelet transformation analysis figured out a strong power spectrum after 2012 (damming year). Due to attenuation of flow, the active inundation area was reduced by 66.2%. After damming, 524.03 km2 (48.9% of total pre-dam wetland) was completely obliterated. Hydrological strength (HS) modeling also reported areas under high HS declined by 14% after post-dam condition. Wetland hydrological security state (WSS) and HS matrix, a new approach, are used to explore wetland characteristics of inundation connectivity and hydrological security state. WSS was defined based on lateral hydrological connectivity. HS under critical and stress WWS zones deteriorated in the post-dam period. The morphological transformation was also well recognized showing an increase in area under the patch, edge, and a decrease in the area under the large core area. All these findings established a clear linkage between river flow modification and wetland transformation, and they provided a good clue for managing wetlands.
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Acknowledgements
The corresponding author of this article (Rajesh Sarda) would like to acknowledge University Grants Commission (UGC Ref. No.: 3430/(NET-DEC 2018)), New Delhi, India, for providing financial support as a Junior Research fellowship to conduct the research work presented in this paper. We would like to extend my gratitude to USGS for providing Landsat imageries.
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The corresponding author of the article (Rajesh Sarda) would receive a Junior Research fellowship to conduct the research work.
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Conceptualization, methodology designing, writing — review and editing — were performed by Dr. Swades Pal. Data curation, investigation, software, validation, and writing — original draft — were performed by Rajesh Sarda and Dr. Tamal Kanti Saha. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Saha, T.K., Pal, S. & Sarda, R. Impact of river flow modification on wetland hydrological and morphological characters. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 75769–75789 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21072-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21072-6