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Flood inundation evolution of barrier lake and evaluation of regional ecological spatiotemporal response—a case study of Sichuan-Tibet region

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Abstract

The Himalayan volcanic earthquake zone has significantly impacted China’s Sichuan-Tibet region. Many barriers have formed as a result of the earthquake and secondary disasters, such as landslides, which have blocked the river. The breach of the barrier lake seriously threatens the lives and property safety of downstream personnel. There has been little research on the surrounding ecology for the later treatment of the barrier lake. This paper aims to scientifically predict the risk of dam break in a barrier lake as well as to explore its impact on the ecological environment and put forward controllable measures. Based on four major barrier lake events in the Sichuan-Tibet area, Diexihaizi, Tangjiashan barrier lake, and so on, we extract water bodies from remote sensing images and use the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center of River Analysis System) model to investigate whether there is a dam break risk and the route of the dam break is predictable. Simultaneously, from 1990 to 2020, the smallest administrative region is located. The InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model is utilized to evaluate and analyze its habitat and create an evaluation based on flood inundation data. The results suggest that a stable barrier lake (such as Diexihaizi) has a sound effect on the habitat quality index following engineering treatment. The development of the barrier lake has altered the types of neighboring lands used and the natural patterns of the region’s landscape. The habitat quality index will marginally deteriorate within a 1-km radius of the barrier lake. However, the quality of habitats in the area ranging within 3 km and 5 km has improved. It is necessary to discharge and strengthen the barrier lake artificially. Human-controlled regions, according to studies, will recover higher habitat quality index values than other locations. Whether the barrier lake has a positive impact on the surrounding area, on the other hand, is primarily dependent on the original ecology. The development of barrier lakes is damaging and unprofitable in Tibet, where the actual ecology is better in the short term. Still, in Sichuan Province, where the habitat quality is relatively low, the appearance of dammed lakes has played a role in correcting the ecology.

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All the data and materials related to the manuscript are published with the paper, and available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to appreciate the guidance of Associate Professor Dai from Chengdu University of Technology, and the research support provided by this university. We would like to thank Yunnan University for the funding of the Postgraduate Research Innovation Project (no. 2021T007), and thanks to Yang Ying, a postgraduate student from Harbin Engineering University, for her guidance on some translation.

Funding

This study is supported by Research Center for Human Geography of Tibetan Plateau and Its Eastern Slope (no. RWDL2021-ZD003), Open Foundation of the Research Center for Human Geography of Tibetan Plateau and Its Eastern Slope (Chengdu University of Technology; no. RWDL2021-ZD003), Open Foundation of Sichuan Center for Disaster Economic Research (ZHJJ2021-ZD001), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China: Thematic mapping of urban waterlogging disasters based on water conservancy spatiotemporal modeling (approval number ZRZYBWD202108). And it was approved by the National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program: Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Inundation Analysis of Barrier Lake Reservoir Area and Post-Disaster Emergency Rescue Planning Research-Taking Maoxian County in the Upper Minjiang River as an example (project number 201910616001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China

    Fengshan Jiang, Zhiqiang Xie & Tong Xu

  2. School of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610051, China

    Fengshan Jiang, Xiaoai Dai, Ge Qu & Zhiqun Hou

  3. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China

    Zhiqiang Xie, Siqiao Yin, Shouquan Yang, Yangbin Zhang, Zhibing Yang & Jiarui Xu

  4. Kunming Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Kunming, 650504, China

    Zhiqun Hou

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  1. Fengshan Jiang
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Contributions

X. D. initiated and designed the research. F. J., T. X., S. Y., and G. Q. conducted the experiment. Z. X. and Z. H. aided in analyzing the results and guidance. Y. Z., S. Y., Z. Y., and J. X. contributed to the writing and development of the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiaoai Dai.

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Jiang, F., Dai, X., Xie, Z. et al. Flood inundation evolution of barrier lake and evaluation of regional ecological spatiotemporal response—a case study of Sichuan-Tibet region. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 71290–71310 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20866-y

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