Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Probabilistic health risk assessment for residents exposed to potentially toxic elements near typical mining areas in China

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Public health problems caused by toxic elements in mining areas have always been an important topic worldwide. However, existing studies have focused on single exposure routes and common toxic elements, which might underestimate the risks faced by residents. In this study, three typical mining areas in central China were selected to assess the health risks of 14 potentially toxic elements through five exposure routes using Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that the 95th percentile non-carcinogenic risk values to humans via rice and vegetable ingestion ranged from 9.8 to 26.0 and 6.2 to 19.0. The corresponding carcinogenic risks ranged from 1.4E-2 to 6.3E-2 and from 2.9E-3 to 2.3E-2, respectively. Therefore, residents face serious health risks. Multi-element analysis showed that cadmium (Cd), boron (B), and arsenic (As) were the main contributors to rice non-carcinogenicity, whereas Cd and nickel (Ni) were the main elements of rice carcinogenicity. B and lead (Pb) played an essential role in the non-carcinogenesis of vegetables, and B, Ni, and Cd played an essential role in carcinogenesis. Accidental ingestion is the main route of soil exposure. In these three areas, the probability of non-carcinogenic risk faced by adults was 40%, 0%, and 1%, respectively, while the probabilities for children were 100%, 62%, and 83%, respectively. Regarding carcinogenicity, the risk for both adults and children was up to 100%. This study emphasizes the overall health risks in polluted areas via multi-route and multi-element analysis. This conclusion is helpful to comprehensively assess the potential health risks faced by residents in mining areas and provide baseline data support and a scientific basis for formulating reasonable risk control measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from “Risk assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and villages (Changsha),” but restrictions apply to the availability of these data. The data were used under license for the current study, so they are not publicly available. However, data are available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of “Risk assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and villages (Changsha).”

References

  • Aguilera A, Bautista F, Gutierrez RM, Ceniceros GA, Cejudo R, Goguitchaichvili A (2021) Heavy metal pollution of street dust in the largest city of Mexico, sources and health risk assessment. Environ Monit Assess 193:193–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • An KD, He XM, Cheng JX (2020) Soil heavy metal pollution and spatial variability in a phosphate mine town. Environ Sci Technol 43:104–109 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Boersch J, Frohne T, Laing GD, Rinklebe J (2017) Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany. J Environ Manage 186:192–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowler RM, Nakagawa S, Roels DM, HA, Koller W, (2007) Sequelae of fume exposure in confined space welding: a neurological and neuropsychological case series. Neurotoxicology 28:298–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cai LM, Xu ZC, Qi JY, Feng ZZ, Xiang TS (2015) Assessment of exposure to heavy metals and health risks among residents near Tonglushan mine in Hubei, China. Chemosphere 127:127–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin M, Onac AK, Sevik H, Sen B (2018) Temporal and regional change of some air pollution parameters in Bursa. Air Qual Atmos Hlth. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-00657-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chabukdhara M, Nema A (2013) Heavy metals assessment in urban soil around industrial clusters in Ghaziabad, India: probabilistic health risk approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 87:57–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao J, Hou D, Li F, Bao G, Deng A, Shen H, Sun H (2020) Spatial distribution characteristics of health risks of heavy metals in cultivated soil. Environ Sci 41:430–438 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen MJ, Hsu HT, Lin CL, Ju WY (2012) A statistical regression model for the estimation of acrylamide concentrations in French fries for excess lifetime cancer risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 50:3867–3876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng J, Yuan XY, Zhang HY, Mao ZQ, Zhu H, Wang YM, Li JZ (2021) Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soils of Yunnan-Guizhou phosphate ore areas and their effects on quality of agricultural products. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment 37:636–643 ((in Chinese))

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Djahed B, Kermani M, Farzadkia M, Taghavi M, Norzaee S (2020) Exposure to heavy metal contamination and probabilistic health risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation: a study in the Southeast Iran. J Environ Health Sci 18:1217–1226

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Y, Chen L, Ding P, Liu L, He Q, Chen B, Duan Y (2019) Different exposure profile of heavy metal and health risk between residents near a Pb-Zn mine and a Mn mine in Huayuan County, South China. Chemosphere 216:352–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egbueri JC, Unigwe CO (2020) Understanding the extent of heavy metal pollution in drinking water supplies from Umunya, Nigeria: an indexical and statistical assessment. Anal Lett. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2020.1731521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Protection Administration of PRC (EPAPRC) (1990) Background value of soil elements in China. (in Chinese)

  • Epa US (1997) Guiding principles for Monte Carlo analysis. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Epa US (2005) Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Epa US (2007) Dermal exposure assessment: a summary of EPA approaches. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Epa US (2011) Exposure factors handbook, 2011th edn. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Epa US (2020) Regional screening level (RSL) summary table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1) November 2020. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewusi A, Sunkari ED, Seidu J, Coffie-Anum E (2022) Hydrogeochemical characteristics, sources and human health risk assessment of heavy metal dispersion in the mine pit water-surface water-groundwater system in the largest manganese mine in Ghana. Environ Technol Inno 26:102312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fakhri Y, Khaneghah AM, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Khezri A, Darvishi A, Ahmadi M, Hasanzadeh V, Rahimizadeh A, Keramati H, Moradi B, Amanidaz N (2018) Probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation method) of Pb and Cd in the onion bulb (Allium cepa) and soil of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:30894–30906

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu YG, Hu X (1999) Study on the hygienic standard of nickel limit in food. Journal of Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences 10:9–11 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabarron M, Faz A, Acosta JA (2017) Use of multivariable and redundancy analysis to assess the behavior of metals and arsenic in urban soil and road dust affected by metallic mining as a base for risk assessment. J Environ Manage 206:192–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galuszka A, Migaszewski ZM, Dolegowska S, Michalik A, Duczmal-Czernikiewicz A (2015) Geochemical background of potentially toxic trace elements in soils of the historic copper mining area: a case study from Miedzianka Mt., Holy Cross Mountains, south-central Poland. Environ Earth Sci 74:4589–4605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gebeyehu HR, Bayissa LD (2020) Levels of heavy metals in soil and vegetables and associated health risks in Mojo area. Ethiopia. PloS One 15:227883

    Google Scholar 

  • Giri S, Abhay KS, Mukesh KM (2017) Metal contamination of agricultural soils in the copper mining areas of Singhbhum shear zone in India. J Earth Syst Sci 126:49–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnonsoro UP, Ake AYED, Sangare NS, Kouakou YU, Trokourey A (2021) Health risk assessment of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) in hydroalcoholic gels of Abidjan. Côte D’ivoire Biol Trace Elem Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12011-021-02822-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guadie A, Yesigat A, Gatew S, Worku A, Liu WZ, Ajibade FO, Wang AJ (2021) Evaluating the health risks of heavy metals from vegetables grown on soil irrigated with untreated and treated wastewater in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Sci Total Environ 761:143302–143343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo GY, Yuan T, Wang WH, Li D, Cheng JP, Gao Y, Zhou P (2011) Bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of Cu in soils around the Dexing Cu mine in China. Environ Geochem Hlth 33:217–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao HJ, Ge DB, Wen YL, Lv YT, Chen WM (2021) Probabilistic health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic and some heavy metals in rice produced from a typical multi-mining county, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:11510–11523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harmanescu M, Alda LM, Bordean DM, Gogoasa L, Gergen L (2011) Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chem Cent J 5:64–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossein BA, Forough A (2019) Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a Pb-Zn mine and ecological risk assessment. Env Health Eng Manag 6:151–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu BF, Jia XL, Hu J, Xu DY, Xia F, Li Y (2017) Assessment of heavy metal pollution and health risks in the soil-plant-human system in the Yangtze river delta, China. Int J Env Res Pub He 14:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu YM, Zhou J, Du BY, Liu HL, Zhang WT, Liang JN, Zhang WH, You LY, Zhou J (2019) Health risks to local residents from the exposure of heavy metals around the largest copper smelter in China. Ecotox Environ Safe 171:329–336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu BF, Xue J, Zhou Y, Shao S, Fu ZY, Li Y, Chen SC, Qi L, Shi Z (2020) Modelling bioaccumulation of heavy metals in soil-crop ecosystems and identifying its controlling factors using machine learning. Environ Pollut 262:114308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CC, Chu NS, Lu CS, Chen RS, Calne DB (1998) Long-term progression in chronic manganism: ten years of follow-up. Neurology 50:698–700

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Chen Q, Deng MH, Japenga J, Li TQ, Yang X, He ZL (2018) Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soils in a typical peri-urban area in southeast China. J Environ Manage 207:159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang XP, Fu Q, Wang JH (2020) Distribution and pollution assessment by index of geoaccumulation about the heavy metals in sediments of Dexing copper mine rainwater network. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/455/1/012186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ignacio FO, Paula M, Bohdana M, Laura RA, Miguel S (2020) A review on the environmental exposure to airborne manganese, biomonitoring, and neurological/neuropsychological outcomes. Rev Environ Contam T 254:85–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Imtiaz A, Faizan A, Atif S, Raza AA, Teng HP (2021) Heavy metals assessment in water, soil, vegetables and their associated health risks via consumption of vegetables, District Kasur, Pakistan. Sn Appl Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42452-021-04547-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ji K, Kim J, Lee M, Park S, Kwon HJ, Cheong HK, Jang JY, Kim DS, Yu S, Kim Y, Lee KY, Yang SO, Jhung IJ, Yang WH, Paek DH, Hong YC, Choi K (2013) Assessment of exposure to heavy metals and health risks among residents near abandoned metal mines in Goseong, Korea. Environ Pollut 178:322–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kharazi A, Leili M, Khazaei M, Alikhani MY, Shokoohi R (2021) Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soil and food crops in Hamadan, Iran. J Food Compos Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFCA.2021.103890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon JC, Nejad ZD, Jung MC (2017) Arsenic and heavy metals in paddy soil and polished rice contaminated by mining activities in Korea. CATENA 148:92–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lei M, Tie B, Song Z, Liao B, Lepo J, Huang Y (2015) Heavy metal pollution and potential health risk assessment of white rice around mine areas in Hunan Province, China. Food Secur 7:45–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li YB, Fang FM, Wu MH, Kuang Y, Wu HJ (2017) Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in soil-rice system near Xinqiao mine in Tongling city, Anhui province, China. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 24:743–753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Zhao Z, Yuan Y, Wang X, Li X (2018) Heavy metal accumulation and its spatial distribution in agricultural soils-evidence from Hunan province, China. RSC Adv 8:10665–10672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li XY, Li ZG, Lin CJ, Bi XY, Liu JL, Feng XB, Zhang H, Chen J, Wu TT (2018) Health risks of heavy metal exposure through vegetable consumption near a large-scale Pb/Zn smelter in central China. Ecotox Environ Safe 161:99–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li SZ, Zhao B, Jin M, Hu L, Zhong H, He ZG (2020) A comprehensive survey on the horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metals and microorganisms in soils of a Pb/Zn smelter. J Hazard Mater 400:123255–123270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li B, Wang H, Yu QG, Wei F, Zhang Q (2021) Spatial distribution and ecological assessment of nickel in sediments of a typical small plateau lake from Yunnan Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:14469–14481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin WT, Wu KM, Lao ZL, Hu W, Lin BJ, Li YL, Fan HB, Hu JJ (2019) Assessment of trace metal contamination and ecological risk in the forest ecosystem of Dexing mining area in northeast Jiangxi Province, China. Ecotox Environ Safe 167:76–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XM, Song QJ, Tang Y, Li WL, Xu JM, Wu JJ, Wang F, Brookes PC (2013) Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-vegetable system: a multi-medium analysis. Sci Total Environ 463–464:530–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XM, Zhong LB, Meng J, Wang F, Zhang JJ, Zhi YY, Zeng LZ, Tang XJ, Xu JM (2018) A multi-medium chain modeling approach to estimate the cumulative effects of cadmium pollution on human health. Environ Pollut 239:308–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu BL, Mo CH, Zhang YM (2019) Using cadmium bioavailability to simultaneously predict its accumulation in crop grains and the bioaccessibility in soils. Sci Total Environ 665:246–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long ZJ, Huang Y, Zhang W, Shi ZL, Yu DM, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang R (2021) Effect of different industrial activities on soil heavy metal pollution, ecological risk, and health risk. Environ Monit Assess 193:20–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu J, Jiao W, Qiu H, Chen B, Huang X, Kang B (2018) Origin and spatial distribution of heavy metals and carcinogenic risk assessment in mining areas at You’xi County southeast China. Geoderma 310:99–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mariangela R, Milena AF, Gabriella P, Vittoria I, Clara G, Giancarlo I, Simone P, Antonella R, Giovanna P, Alice T (2020) Pivotal role of boron supplementation on bone health: a narrative review. J Trace Elem Med Bio 62:126577–126588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin KV, Sucharew H, Dietrich KN, Parsons PJ, Palmer CD, Wright R, Amarasiriwardena C, Smith DR, Haynes EN (2021) Co-exposure to manganese and lead and pediatric neurocognition in East Liverpool. Ohio. Environ Res 202:111644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meghdad P, Mostafa H, Kiomars S (2020) Human health risk assessment by Monte Carlo simulation method for heavy metals of commonly consumed cereals in Iran- Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. J Food Compos Anal 96:103697

    Google Scholar 

  • Mergler D, Huel G, Bowler R, Iregren A, Belanger S, Baldwin M, Tardif R, Smargiassi A, Martin L (1994) Nervous system dysfunction among workers with long-term exposure to manganese. Environ Res 64:151–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MiningWorld (2015) Mining industry ranking of 32 provinces/regions in China. MiningWorld. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Y_NjzCrUytqJGdZK5AXOvA. Accessed 1 September 2021. (in Chinese)

  • Ministry of Agriculture of PRC (MAPRC) (2008) Soil quality-analysis of total mercury, arsenic and lead contents-atomic fluorescence spectrometry-part 1: analysis of total mercury contents in soils (GB/T 22105.1–2008). (in Chinese)

  • Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC (MEEPRC) (2016) Soil and sediment-determination of aqua regia extracts of 12 metal elements-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HJ 803–2016). (in Chinese)

  • Ministry of Health of PRC (MHPRC) (1991) Tolerance limit of zinc in foods (GB 13106–91). (in Chinese)

  • Ministry of Health of PRC (MHPRC) (1994) Tolerance limit of copper in foods (GB 15199–94). (in Chinese)

  • Ministry of Health of PRC (MHPRC) (2019) Yearbook of Chinese health statistics. People’s Health Press, Beijing ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi AA, Zarei A, Majidi S, Ghaderpoury A, Hashempour Y, Saghi MH, Alinejad A, Yousefi M, Hosseingholizadeh N, Ghaderpoori M (2019) Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad. Iran Methodsx 6:1642–1651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monica H, Liana MA, Despina MB, Gogoasa L, Gergen L (2011) Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chem Cent J 5:64–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murat T (2020) Investigation of the potential human health risk of toxic mercury determined in the grapevine exposed to mine gallery waters. J Food Sci Tech Mys 58:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • National Health Commission of PRC (NHCPRC) (2016) National standard for food safety-determination of multiple elements in food (GB 5009.268–2016). (in Chinese)

  • National Health Commission of PRC (NHCPRC) (2017) National standard for food safety-limit of contaminants in food (GB 2762–2017). (in Chinese)

  • National Soil and Fertilizer Station, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC (NSFSPRC) (1994) Technical specification for soil analysis. (in Chinese)

  • Olawoyin R, Oyewole SA, Grayson RL (2012) Potential risk effect from elevated levels of soil heavy metals on human health in the Niger delta. Ecotox Environ Safe 85:120–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orosun MM (2021) Assessment of arsenic and its associated health risks due to mining activities in parts of North-central Nigeria: probabilistic approach using Monte Carlo. J Hazard Mater 412:125262–125262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orosun MM, Tchokossa P, Orosun R, Akinyose FC, Ige S, Oduh V (2016) Determination of selected heavy metals and human health risk assessment in fishes from Kiri Dam and River Gongola. Northeastern Nigeria J Phys Chem Biophys 6:229

    Google Scholar 

  • Palanivel TM, Victor R (2020) Contamination assessment of heavy metals in the soils of an abandoned copper mine in Lasail, Northern Oman. Int J Environ Stud. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2019.1644030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proshad R, Kormoker T, Islam MS, Chandra K (2020) Potential health risk of heavy metals via consumption of rice and vegetables grown in the industrial areas of Bangladesh. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:921–943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pyo JC, Hong S, Kwon YS, Kim MS, Cho KH (2020) Estimation of heavy metals using deep neural network with visible and infrared spectroscopy of soil. Sci Total Environ 741:140162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin JH, Niu AY, Liu YQ, Lin CX (2021) Arsenic in leafy vegetable plants grown on mine water-contaminated soils: uptake, human health risk and remedial effects of biochar. J Hazard Mater 402:123488–123488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinklebe J, Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Rosche O, Altermann M (2019) Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils along the Central Elbe River. Germany Environ Int 126:76–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawut R, Kasim N, Maihemuti B, Li H, Abliz A, Abdujappar A, Kurban M (2018) Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the vegetable bases of northwest China. Sci Total Environ 642:864–878

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seleem EM, Mostafa A, Mokhtar M, Salman A (2021) Risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water on the human health, Assiut City, and its environs. Egypt Arab J Geosci 14:427–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (SCBQTS) (2012) Technical specifications for field collection and preparation of crop samples (DB51/T 1551–2012). (in Chinese)

  • Sorenson PT, McCormick S, Dyck M (2019) Soil contamination sampling intensity: determining accuracy and confidence using a Monte Carlo simulation. Can J Soil Sci. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • State Environmental Protection Administration of PRC (SEPAPRC) (2004) The technical specification for soil environmental monitoring (HJ/T 166–2004). (in Chinese)

  • Sun YJ, Chen A, Pan SY, Sun WQ, Zhu CY, Shah KJ, Zheng HL (2019) Novel chitosan-based flocculants for chromium and nickle removal in wastewater via integrated chelation and flocculation. J Environ Manage 248:109241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun ZH, Hu YN, Cheng HF (2020) Public health risk of toxic metal(loid) pollution to the population living near an abandoned small-scale polymetallic mine. Sci Total Environ 718:137434–137481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang J, Zhang J, Ren L, Zhou Y, Gao J, Luo L, Yang Y, Peng Q, Huang H, Chen A (2019) Diagnosis of soil contamination using microbiological indices: a review on heavy metal pollution. J Environ Manage 242:121–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang L, Deng SH, Tan D, Long JM, Lei M (2019) Heavy metal distribution, translocation, and human health risk assessment in the soil-rice system around Dongting Lake area, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:17655–17665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timofeev I, Shartova N, Kosheleva N, Kasimov N (2020) Potentially toxic elements in urban topsoils and health risk assessment for the mining W-Mo center in the Baikal region. Environ Geochem Hlth 42:221–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsagkatakis G, Moghaddam M, Tsakalides P (2020) Multi-temporal convolutional neural networks for satellite-derived soil moisture observation enhancement. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US EPA (1989) Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I human health evaluation manual (part A). Washington DC: US Environmental Protection Agency

  • US EPA (1992) Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I human health evaluation manual (part E). Washington DC: US Environmental Protection Agency

  • US EPA (2001) Risk assessment guidance for superfund: volume III - part A, process for conducting probabilistic risk assessment. Washington DC: US Environmental Protection Agency

  • Wang HF, Wu QM, Hu WY, Huang B, Dong LR, Liu G (2018) Using multi-medium factors analysis to assess heavy metal health risks along the Yangtze River in Nanjing, Southeast China. Environ Pollut 243:1047–1056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YY, Su Y, Lu SG (2020) Predicting accumulation of Cd in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soil threshold concentration of Cd for rice safe production. Sci Total Environ 738:139805

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PN, Villada A, Deacon C, Raab A, Figuerola J, Green AJ, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2007) Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley. Environ Sci Technol 41:6854–6859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang JH, Kang LF, Peng JT, Zhong H, Gao JF, Liu L (2018) In-situ elemental and isotopic compositions of apatite and zircon from the Shuikoushan and Xihuashan granitic plutons: Implication for Jurassic granitoid-related Cu-Pb-Zn and W mineralization in the Nanling Range, South China. Ore Geol Rev 93:382–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf M, Fariduddin Q, Hayat S, Ahmad A (2011) Nickel: an overview of uptake, essentiality and toxicity in plants. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86:1–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, Wang XP, Liu C, Lu JY, Qin YH, Mo YK, Xiao PJ, Liu Y (2020) Quantitative source identification and apportionment of heavy metals under two different land use types: comparison of two receptor models APCS-MLR and PMF. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Zhang N, Li H, Lu Y, Yang ZG (2020) Potential health risk assessment for inhabitants posed by heavy metals in rice in Zijiang River basin, Hunan Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08568-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng N, Wang QC, Zheng DM (2007) Mercury contamination and health risk to crops around the zinc smelting plant in Huludao City, northeastern China. Environ Geochem Hlth 29:385–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou J, Chen LH, Peng L, Luo S, Zeng QR (2020) Phytoremediation of heavy metals under an oil crop rotation and treatment of biochar from contaminated biomass for safe use. Chemosphere 247:125856–125865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are extremely thankful to the anonymous reviewers that work in this paper.

Funding

This study was supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project, China (2019JJ40122), and the National Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Project, China (GJFP201601206, GJFP2017001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, People’s Republic of China

    Huijuan Hao & Dabing Ge

  2. College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005, People’s Republic of China

    Panpan Li

  3. Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People’s Republic of China

    Huijuan Hao, Yuntao Lv & Wanming Chen

Authors
  1. Huijuan Hao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Panpan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuntao Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wanming Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dabing Ge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Huijuan Hao: conceptualization, methodology, sample collection, lab experiment, data collection and analysis, paper writing and editing. Panpan Li: methodology, software, data analysis, visualization, English polishing. Yuntao Lv: resources, supervision. Wanming Chen: sample collection, lab experiment, quality control. Dabing Ge: supervision, organization, paper reviewing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dabing Ge.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

All authors have read this manuscript and consent for publication in Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 32 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hao, H., Li, P., Lv, Y. et al. Probabilistic health risk assessment for residents exposed to potentially toxic elements near typical mining areas in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 58791–58809 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20015-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20015-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation