Abstract
The inefficient leaching of manganese is the main factor hindering the commercialization of the reduction process during manganese recovery using pyrite as the reducing agent. Hence, a new method for improving recovery efficiency and reducing the cost is required. This study uses microwave heating as a strengthening method to extract Mn2+ from pyrolusite and the leaching conditions are optimized. It was found that the extraction rate of Mn2+ could reach 95.07% under microwave heating through the conditions of H2SO4 is 1.2 mol/L, m(pyrolusite)/m(pyrite) equals to 10:2, leaching temperature is 90 ℃, and a liquid–solid (L/S) ratio of 10:1. The achieved extraction rate was higher than that of 75.08% under the conventional heating achieved at the same conditions. Besides, experimental studies have found that microwave heating can change the process and direction of chemical reactions, shorten the reaction time, and reduce sulfuric acid. Finally, the kinetic study indicates that the leaching process under microwave heating is controlled by surface chemical reactions. The equation of leaching kinetics is 1 − (1 − x)1/3 = 3425.32/r0·[H2SO4]1.316·[FeS2/MnO2]0.907·exp(− 45.03/(RT)·t. The activation energy is 45.03 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, through a scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer, microwave heating has a significant influence on reducing the ore diameter and increasing the specific surface area of the sample. This study aims to provide an experimental trial case for studying the mechanism of microwave-enhanced leaching process during manganese recovery using pyrite as the reducing agent. The reported kinetics research may guide the development of the industrial application for Mn recovery.
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The datasets used in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: U1802255).
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Prof. Guo Chen, Prof. Jin Chen, and Prof. Shenghui Guo conceived and designed the study. Mr. Shunda Lin, Mr. Yong Yang, Dr. Mamdouh Omran, and Prof. Guo Chen performed the experiments. Prof. Renlong Liu and Prof. Shenghui Guo provided the raw materials. Prof. Jin Chen, Prof. Guo Chen, and Dr. Lei Gao provided the microwave high-temperature furnace. Mr. Kangqiang Li, Mr. Shunda Lin, Dr. Lei Gao, and Prof. Jin Chen wrote the paper. Mr. Shunda Lin, Dr. Mamdouh Omran, Dr. Lei Gao, and Prof. Guo Chen reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Lin, S., Gao, L., Yang, Y. et al. Microwave-enhanced reduction of manganese from a low-grade pyrolusite ore using pyrite: process optimization and kinetic studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 58915–58926 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19988-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19988-0