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XPS and NMR analyze the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris subcells and its detoxification

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Abstract

In this study, the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris (L.) (C. rupestris) were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), different Pb concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/L), and C. rupestris subcells were explored. Results showed that combined forms of Pb mainly account for Pb–polysaccharides (Pb–OH of carbohydrates) in the cell wall, Pb–protein (Pb–N= and (C–N–)2Pb) in the organelle, and Pb–organic acid (Pb–sulfates, (CO)2–Pb and (COO)2–Pb) in the soluble fraction. Pb–S–containing group (Pb–C–S) could formed in subcelluar when C. rupestris was subjected to high Pb stress. Meanwhile, Pb2+ could penetrate the C. rupestris cells via the formed chelate between GSH/MT and –OH functional groups. Results could help understand the role of subcellular fraction in the algae remediation and detoxification to heavy metal.

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Funding

This work was under the Natural Science Foundation of China (41877418), the financial aid of Nature Fund of Anhui Province of China (1808085MD100), and the Key S&T Special Projects of Anhui Province of China (17030701053), and funding for this study was provided by Natural Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (201710364058) also.

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  1. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People’s Republic of China

    Qiu-yu Chen, Liu Yang, Lei Liu, Xuan-xuan Li, Hai-dong Li, Qian Zhang & De-ju Cao

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  1. Qiu-yu Chen
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  2. Liu Yang
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  3. Lei Liu
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  4. Xuan-xuan Li
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  7. De-ju Cao
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Contributions

Liu Yang have designed experimental scheme; Lei Liu and Xuan-xuan Li did experiments; Hai-dong Li, Qian Zhang, and De-ju Cao have collated and analyzed experimental data; Qiu-yu Chen mainly responsible for write manuscript.

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Correspondence to De-ju Cao.

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Chen, Qy., Yang, L., Liu, L. et al. XPS and NMR analyze the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris subcells and its detoxification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 57490–57501 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19880-x

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