Abstract
An exploratory work involving waste printed wiring board (WPWB)–derived inexpensive silver oxide (Ag2O)–grafted silica-alumina composite photocatalyst (SAA) using quartz halogen and UVA irradiations (QHUV) (wavelength: 315 nm–1000 nm) has been revealed. The efficacy of the novel SAA photocatalyst was assessed in the synthesis of fermentable sugar (FS) by photo-hydrolysis of pure crystalline cellulose (PCC) in the QHUV-assisted batch reactor (QHUVBR), and the process parameters (5% AgNO3 doping, 7.5% catalyst concentration, 20 min PH time, and 80 °C PH temperature) were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array design. The BET analysis of the optimal SAA catalyst possessed high surface area (27.24 m2/g), high pore volume, and pore diameter (0.042 cc/g and 13.1684 nm), respectively, whereas the XRD indicated the presence of significant crystalline phases of Ag2O. EDS mapping displayed the uniform distribution of silver active sites on silica-alumina support of the optimal SAA photocatalyst. The optimized parametric conditions in QHUVBR resulted in a maximum FS yield of 77.53% which was significantly higher compared to that achieved (34.52%) in a conventionally heated batch reactor (CHBR). Besides, the energy consumption was 75% more in CHBR (600 W) in comparison with QHUVBR (150 W), making the process energy-efficient and cost-effective. The environmental sustainability could be ascertained from the life cycle assessment (LCA) study in terms of low climate change, ionizing radiation, metal depletion, human toxicity, and other potential indicator values.
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Data availability
On reasonable request, the corresponding author will provide the datasets analyzed during the current study.
Abbreviations
- WPWB:
-
Waste printed wiring board
- DMF:
-
N,N-dimethylformamide
- SAA:
-
Ag2O-grafted silica-alumina composite photocatalyst
- PCC:
-
Pure crystalline cellulose
- FS:
-
Fermentable sugar
- QHUV:
-
Quartz halogen and UVA irradiations
- QHUVBR:
-
QHUV-assisted batch reactor
- CHBR:
-
Conventionally heated batch reactor
- Ω cc :
-
Catalyst concentration
- Ω T :
-
Photo-hydrolysis temperature
- Ω tt :
-
Photo-hydrolysis time
- Ω Ag :
-
AgNO3 loading
- Y :
-
Response factor
- TOAD:
-
Taguchi orthogonal array design
- r :
-
Replications no.
- S/N:
-
The ratio of signal to noise
- LCA:
-
Life cycle assessment
- LCI:
-
Life cycle inventory
- GWP 100:
-
Climate change potential
- FDP:
-
Fossil depletion potential
- HTP inf:
-
Human toxicity potential
- IRP_HE:
-
Ionizing radiation potential
- MDP:
-
Metal depletion potential
- ODP:
-
Ozone depletion potential
- WDP:
-
Water depletion potential
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support provided by the International Conference on Advances in Sustainable Research for Energy and Environmental Management (ASREEM-2021), SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat India.
Funding
The financial aids provided by the Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal (File No. ST/P/S&T/4G-2/2018), Kolkata, India, and RUSA 2.0 (Ref. No. R-11/481/19 and Ref. No. R-11/316/19), Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, are sincerely acknowledged by the authors.
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Oindrila Roy carried out the experiment and evaluated and interpreted the results. Sohini Roy Choudhury carried out the LCA study of the overall work and drafted the manuscript. Rajat Chakraborty designed and developed the reactor, planned the entire study, supervised, assisted, and edited the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Roy, O., Roy Choudhury, S. & Chakraborty, R. Life cycle assessment of waste printed wiring board–derived Ag photocatalyst for sustainable fermentable sugar production. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 25506–25522 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19726-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19726-6