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Influence of non-commercial fuel supply systems on small engine SI exhaust emissions in relation to European approval regulations

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Abstract

The development and operation of road infrastructure require machines and equipment driven by low-powered internal combustion engines. In this study, we conducted emission tests on five small spark-ignition engines. We used the most popular commercial design on the market, the Lifan GX 390, with a carburettor power system, and another commercial power unit, the Honda iGX 390, with an innovative power system characterised by an electronically controlled carburettor flap. The remaining three tested constructions were proprietary solutions modernising the design of the Lifan GX 390 engine: one had an electronic injection and ignition system powered by gasoline, whereas the other two had systems powered by alternative fuels. Emission tests were conducted under identical operating conditions on an engine dynamometer complying with European Union guidelines (Regulation 2016/1628/EU). The results of the tests showed that the innovative solutions in most cases reduced CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon emissions but increased NOx compounds.

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Funding

This study was performed as part of a project funded by the “Interdisciplinary Dean’s Grant (IDG) of Poznan University of Technology” determined in the subject for the 2020 year — air quality in Poznan and how to improve it. Project title: “Design and research of mobile machines chipping wastes from urban agriculture processes for innovative construction solutions to limit the impact on the natural environment and machine operators” (33/32/SIGR/3334) financed by the Poznan University of Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965, Poznan, Poland

    Łukasz Warguła & Mateusz Kukla

  2. Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Drives, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Transport, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965, Poznan, Poland

    Piotr Lijewski

Authors
  1. Łukasz Warguła
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  2. Piotr Lijewski
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  3. Mateusz Kukla
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Contributions

Validation, Ł.W.; resources, Ł.W., P.L. and M.K.; methodology, Ł.W., P.L.; writing—original draft preparation, Ł.W., M.K. and P.L.; conceptualization, Ł.W.; data curation, Ł.W.; software, Ł.W.; investigation, Ł.W. and P.L.; formal analysis, Ł.W.; visualization, Ł.W.; writing—review and editing, M.K., Ł.W.; supervision, Ł.W.; project administration, Ł.W.; funding acquisition, Ł.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Łukasz Warguła.

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The original online version of this article was revised: Figure 1 should have the caption Figure 7, Figure 2 should have the caption Figure 1, Figure 3 should have the caption Figure 2, Figure 4 should have the caption Figure 3, Figure 5 should have the caption Figure 4, Figure 6 should have the caption Figure 5, Figure 7 should have the caption Figure 6.

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Warguła, Ł., Lijewski, P. & Kukla, M. Influence of non-commercial fuel supply systems on small engine SI exhaust emissions in relation to European approval regulations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 55928–55943 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19687-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19687-w

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